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Food Tech > Diet, Nutrition and Health > Flashcards

Diet, Nutrition and Health Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the term diet mean?

A

Food and drink that we consume daily

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2
Q

What does the term balanced diet mean?

A

A healthy diet providing all necessary nutrients for healthy body function

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3
Q

What are the five sections of the Eatwell Guide?

A
  • Starchy carbohydrates
  • Fruits and vegetables
  • Protein
  • Dairy and alternatives
  • Fats and oils
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4
Q

What term describes foods that fit into more than one section of the Eatwell Guide?

A

Composite foods

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5
Q

How many grams should a fresh portion of your 7-a-day weigh?

A

80g

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6
Q

What are the 8 healthy eating guidelines?

A
  • Base meals around starchy foods
  • Eating more (especially oily) fish
  • Consuming less salt
  • Consuming less sugar
  • Eating 7 fruits/vegetables a day
  • Drinking 6-8 glasses of water a day
  • Don’t skip breakfast
  • Keep active and healthy
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7
Q

What is the maximum amount of salt people over 11 should be eating a day?

A

6g

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8
Q

How many portions of fish should you eat a week?

A

2 (1 should be oily)

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9
Q

What does the term undernutrition mean?

A

When you do not get enough food

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10
Q

What does the term overnutrition mean?

A

Having too much of a particular nutrient(s)

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11
Q

What does the term malnutrition mean?

A
  • Condition linked to bad nutrition
  • Can be too much or too little of a nutrient, describes starvation and overeating
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12
Q

What percentage of adults in the UK are classed as overweight or obese?

A

65%

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13
Q

What 6 factors can affect nutritional requirements?

A
  • Age
  • Body size
  • Health
  • Activity levels
  • Gender
  • Pregnancy/Breastfeeding
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14
Q

What does DRV stand for and what does it mean?

A

Dietary reference values - it is an estimate of the nutritional requirements of a healthy population

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15
Q

What are free sugars?

A

Any sugars other than lactose of fructose that are added to foods

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16
Q

What does RNI stand for and what are they?

A

Reference nutrient intakes - they are estimates of protein, vitamin and mineral requirements of different people

17
Q

What does EAR stand for and what is it?

A

Estimate average requirement - it is the average daily intake of a nutrient that meets the requirement of half of the healthy individuals of a specific age, sex, and life stage

18
Q

What does BMR stand for and what is it?

A

Basal metabolic rate - it is the total number of calories your body needs to perform essential, life-sustaining functions.

19
Q

What does PAL stand for and what is it?

A

Physical activity level - it is a number that expresses how much energy a person spends in a day compared to their basal metabolic rate

20
Q

Are children more hungry during growth spurts?

A

Yes

21
Q

Why should teenagers follow healthy eating guidelines?

A
  • If teenagers don’t take in adequate calories and nutrients, they can experience health complications like stunted growth, delayed puberty, menstrual irregularities, and other conditions.
  • An inadequate diet can negatively affect mood, energy levels, and athletic and academic performance
22
Q

At what age do girls typically begin growth spurts?

A

Between 8 and 13

23
Q

At what age do boys typically begin growth spurts?

A

Between 9 and 16

24
Q

Why do teenage girls need to increase their iron intake?

A

Because they loose a significant amount of it on their period

25
Q

What must coeliacs avoid?

A

Gluten

26
Q

What is gluten?

A

Gluten is a general name for the proteins found in wheat, rye, barley and triticale

27
Q

What is type 1 diabetes?

A

A chronic condition where the pancreas produces little or no insulin.

28
Q

What is insulin?

A

Insulin is a hormone made in your pancreas. Insulin allows your body to use glucose for energy.

29
Q

What is type 2 diabetes?

A

A condition results from insufficient production of insulin, causing high blood sugar.

30
Q

What is CVD?

A

Cardiovascular Disease - Any disease that affects the heart or blood vessels

31
Q

What are the risk factors for developing CVD?

A

Lack of exercise, unhealthy eating, smoking, diabetes, age, and family history

32
Q

What does the term obesity mean?

A

A term that describes a person who has excess body fat

33
Q

What are the four BMI categories?

A

Underweight, healthy weight, overweight, obese

34
Q

What does BMI stand for?

A

Body mass index

35
Q

What causes obesity?

A

Unhealthy diet, lack of exercise or genetics

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