Diet& Diabetes Flashcards
Outline the main symptoms of diabetes
Increased thirst, blurred vision (type 2), hunger and increased urination frequency.
Briefly explain the two main types of diabetes and essentially how they differ with respect to insulin action?
For type 1 diabetes: relative or absolute deficiency of insulin, leading to higher glucose level in the blood. (Receptor that allows entrance of glucose into liver and skeletal muscles cannot be activated, so glucose stays in the blood) (Hyperglycemia)
For type 2 diabetes: insulin is present, but either 1)the receptor does not work properly to allow glucose storage or 2)the insulin fails to successfully activate the receptor.
Briefly outline the physical complications of diabetes?
Diabetic retinopathy: eventually ends up as blind, blood vessels of the eyes damaged.
Diabetic nephropathy: the walls of kidney’s filtering units damaged, so proteins leaks into the urine.
Diabetic neuropathy: damage to the nerves.
Stroke
Cardiovascular diseases.
Outline why the prevalence of type 2 diabetes is believed to be increasing in both developed and developing countries?
Supported by statistics to be one of the major epidermis of the 21st century regardless of developed or developing countries.
Western lifestyles including long sedentary time spent at work and leisure times, as well as the unhealthy diets like McDonald’s major contributor. Many countries have adapted these lifestyles, also major contributor to increasing prevalence.
List the major risk factors for developing type 2 diabetes?
Obesity, low fiber intake, high central adiposity, physical inactivity, high intake of saturated fat, genetics and intra-uterine growth retardation.
Summaries the lifestyle factors associated with increasing or decreasing the risk of type 2 diabetes?
Low fiber intake, sedentary lifestyle, high intake of saturated fat, eating high GI foods, large amount of carbohydrate intake, minimal or no intake of vegetables and fruits, excessive intake of salty foods.
Describe the research literature on the effectiveness of different types of dietary interventions for the clinical management of diabetes (e.g low GI diets, weight loss etc)
Low GI foods shown to be beneficial for CVD, obesity and type 2 diabetes.
Weight loss: small amounts of weight loss (5-10%) can prevent or delay the development of type 2 diabetes in those with a high risk of the disease. Even 5% weight reduction for those who are overweight or obese will reduce their chance of contracting complications.
Describe the features and diagnosis of metabolic syndrome?
Metabolic syndromes: hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance (insulin resistance), dislipidaemia, coronary heart disease, hypertension.
Diagnosis: HDL<1.20, blood pressure >130 (SBP), <85 (DBP), T>1.7, BMI > 30, FBG>5.8
