Diet and Lifestyle & Type 2 diabetes Flashcards
Low physical activity increases the risk of what? And by how much?
CHD - 22% Colon cancer - 16% Diabetes - 15% Strokes - 13% Breast cancer 11%
Low activity causes how many deaths in scotland? How much does it cost?
2,500
£94 million
What are the activity guidelines for adults?
> 150 mins moderate aerobic activity/>75 mins vigorous
Strength activity >2days a week
Being moderately active reduces the risk of T2DM by how much?
30-40%
Which age group has the widest gap in activity levels?
75+
42% men
23% women
How many adults meet activity targets?
63%
How does exercise reduce blood glucose?
Increased muscle uptake of glucose for atleast 16hrs
Increased insulin sensitivity
How can diabetics increase oral glucose tolerance?
Endurance exercise/increased volume of exercise
By which increasing which dietary factor, can we reduce the risk of T2D?
Fibre
Which factors can be changed to prevent diabetes?
Lifestyle change Less fat/carbohydrate More fibre Weight loss More exercise Lifestyle programs Maintain blood glucose/lipids
How much fibre is recommened a day?
30g/day
A 10mmol/mol reduction in HbA1C is associated with what?
12% reduced in all risk factors
25% reduced risk microvascular disease
16% reduced risk MI
Where does postprandial glucose typically peak in huamns?
7-8mmol/L (60% rise)
What amount of carbohydrate makes it difficult to maintain 7-8mmol/L?
60-70g carbs
How is buffering of ingested glucose maintained?
Increased muscle uptake
Suppression of hepatic Gluc output
Mediterranean diet changes include what?
Plenty of starchy foods, fruit, veg, fish, less meat
Weight loss is more effective in improving glycaemic control in who?
Newly diagnosed T2DM
