Diet and Lifestyle Approaches for Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Flashcards
Is the prevalence of obesity increasing or decreasing?
Increasing
What is the broad aim of clinical management of obesity?
Reduce mortality and morbidity risk
Is there a relationship between BMI and type 2 diabetes?
Yes
Is CHD more prevalent in people with diabetes, and does sex impact this?
It is more prevalent in people with diabetes, woman are more at risk than men
What is the rise in incidence of obesity likely due to?
Lifestyle choices rather than genetic deficit
What are the main risk factors for type 2 diabetes?
Overweight and obesity (BMI more than 25)
Large waist circumferance (abdominal obesity)
Other than obesity and waist size, what are other risk factors for type 2 diabetes?
Family history
Age (older than 40)
Ethnicity
What is a visual representation of how different foods contribute towards a diet for health?
Eatwell Guide
What percentage of the NHS budget is spent managing type 2 diabetes?
9%
Explain the UK physical activity guidelines?
Split into healthy heart and mind, keeping muscles, bone and joints strong, and reducing chances of falls
By what percent does even being moderately active decrease the risk of type 2 diabtes?
30-40%
Explain the mechanism of exercise on reducing type 2 diabetes risk?
Skeletal muscle plays important role in regulating storage and/or oxidation of glucose and TAG during the postprandial period
Insulin plays central role in this regulation
Reductions in peripheral insulin sensitivity lead to abnormalities in glucose and TAG metabolism
Exercise is potent stimulus of muscle glucose and TAG uptake due to increased energy demand of activity
What are the effects on an acute bout of exercise?
Increased glucose transport into muscle
Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake is elevated for at least 16 hours
Glucoregulatory effect spans many meals (about 3 days)
Exercise is a potent and non-pharmacological strategy for increasing muscle insulin sensitivity and improving postprandial glucose control
What are the exercise guidelines for adults aged 19-64 years?
150 minutes of moderate aeriobic activity a week and strength exercises on two or more days a week that work all major muscles
or
75 minutes of vigorous aerobic activity and strength exercises on two or more days a week that work all major muscles
or
Mix of moderate and vigorous aeriobic activity every week (such as two 30 minute runs and 30 minutes of fast walking) and strength exercises on two or more days a week that work all major muscles
What aspect of exercise is thought to be the main determinant of the magnitude of improved glycaemic responses?
Exercise volume (duration and intensity and frequency)
What are some lifestyle interventions that will reduce the incidence of type 2 diabetes?
Calorie restriction
Increased fibre intake
Exercise
Why are diet suggestions given to people?
Provide knowledge about healthy eating
Encourage lifestyle changes to reduce obesity
Maintain blood glucose and lipids as near normal as possible
Reduce acute complications of diabetes such as hypo and hyperglycaemia
Reduce body weight
Which diet is best to treat diabetes?
Unclear which exactly, but it is known weight loss and carb management willl help
Research suggests Mediterranean diet may be the best
What are the dietary components of the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet)?
High consumption of vegetables
High intake of fruits and nuts
High consumption of legumes
High intake of cereals
High consumption of fish and seafood
Low intake of meat and meat products
Low intake of dairy products
High ratio of monounsaturated fatty acids to saturated fats
Moderate alcohol intake
What calorie deficit does NICE reccomend to lose weight?
600kcal per day
What are some things that the future of diabetic healthcare will have?
Digital and wearable technology to manage glucose and track exercise
