Diet and exercise in the management of lipid profile

Question 1

State some dietary fats

Answer 1

Triglycerides (90%)
Cholesterol
Simple sugars
Polysaccharides
Non-starch polysaccharides

Question 2

What is the relationship between serum LDL-C and saturated fat intake?

Answer 2

For every 1% increase in saturated fatty acids, serum LDL-C increases by 2%

Question 3

What is the result in of consuming saturated fatty acids?

Answer 3

Increased triacylglycerol
Increased HDL-C
Increased LDL-C

Question 4

Which products decrease LDL-C?

Answer 4

Omega 6 PUFA
Linoleic acid (LA)

Question 5

What are the suggested improvements of taking omega 3?

Which foods are a good source of omega 3?

Answer 5

Improvements in cholesterol and triglycerides
Vascular function

Flax seeds
Oily Fis
Nuts

Question 6

Describe trans fatty acids

Answer 6

They behave like saturate fatty acids
Formed by hydrogenating PUFA oils to stabilise them to form solid at room temperature

Increase LDL-C, decrease HDL-C and increases fasting TG

Question 7

What is advice surrounding cholesterol?

Answer 7

Reduce intake

Only small percentage impacts TG and LDL-C

Question 8

What effects do carbohydrates have ?

Answer 8

Can enhance hepatic synthesis of VLDL ad reduce HDL creating and adverse lipid profile

A down regulation of insulin response due to continued stimulation from higher dietary carbohydrates leads to increased lipolysis

This increases delivery of fatty acids and an increase in hepatic esterification and subsequent over production of VLDL (TG-rich VLDL)

Question 9

What happened when you eat fruit and veg?

Answer 9

Source of soluble fibre which decreases serum cholesterol by inhibiting cholesterol reabsorption by GI

Consumption improves antioxidant status by improving plasma total antioxidant capacity and glutathiol peroxidase activity in healthy young adults

Question 10

What happens in obesity?

Answer 10

Fat tissue provides source of fatty acids in circulation thus providing fatty acids for metabolism

Visceral adipose tissue is less responsive to insulin and delivers FFA throughout portal circulation to liver