Diet And Digestion Flashcards
Name the 7 food groups
Lipids, protein, carbohydrates, vitamins, fibre, water, minerals
Define a balanced diet
A balanced diet should provide enough nutrients like calories, protein and vitamins, to keep you healthy. It not that u eat the same amount of each food group it’s more that u eat the correct amount.
What does malnutrition mean
deficiencies or excesses in nutrient intake, imbalance of essential nutrients
What are the dangers to an unbalanced diet
obesity, weight gain, chronic diseases or heart problems
What reagent is used in the starch test and the colour change
Iodine and it turns from yellow/brown to blue/black
What reagent is used in the sugar test and the colour change
Benedict and blue to brick red
What reagent is used in the protein test and the colour change
Buiret and blue to lilac/purple
What reagent is used in the fat test and the colour change
Ethanol emulsion
What is an example of malnutrition
Obesity
How much energy does 1g of protein give us
17kilojoules
How much energy does 1g of fat provide us with
38kilojoules
How much energy does 1g of carbohydrates give us
17kilojoules
Each person needs a different amount of energy depending on factors such as:
gender (male or female)
age
amount of daily activity
What are the four different types of teeth
Canine, incisors, premolars, molars
Starch test name
Iodine test
Starch test method
Add drops of iodine to solid or liquid placed in a spotting tile
Starch test positive result is?
Yellow/brown to blue/black
Sugar test name
Benedict’s test
Sugar test method
Crush food with water in a pestle and mortar
Test
Add extract to a boiling tube
Add 2cm? of Benedict’s reagent
Place in a HOT water bath for 2-3 minutes
Sugar positive result
Blue to green to brick red
Protein test name
Biuret test
Protein test method
Crush food with water in a pestle and mortar
Add to a boiling tube
Add 1cm? of sodium hydroxide and copper sulfate
Shake gently
Fat test name
Emulsion test or paper spot test
Fat test method
Crush food with ethanol in pestle and mortar
Add extract to a boiling tube
Half fill a second boiling tube with cold water
Pore extract into boiling tube containing cold water
Fat test positive result
A white emulsion will form at the top of the boiling tube containing
cold water
Paper spot test method
Rub food on surface of absorbent paper (e.g filter paper)
Paper spot positive results
A translucent stain will be left on the paper
Causes of tooth decay
A dry mouth
a lack of fluoride
Sugary drinks
Describe tooth decay causes
A dry mouth
A dry mouth can cause decay because saliva helps to prevent bacteria so when ur mouth is dry the bacteria can be more expected
A lack of fluoride
A lack of Fluoride can cause tooth decay by helping the enamel resist less action of the acids.
Sugary drinks
Sugary drink will cause decay because of how acidic they are and because of how many chemicals are in them. Sugary drinks are actually worse than sugary foods because the liquid can get in little crevices of your teeth
tooth decay preventions
Brush your teeth 2 a day
Flossing ur teeth
A healthy diet
Tooth decay preventions described
Flossing your teeth
Flossing your teeth can prevent decay because it is removing and excess food from between your teeth that may cause a cavity.
Brushing your teeth twice a day. Brushing your teeth twice a day with FLUORIDE TOOTHPASTE can prevent tooth decay because fluoride toothpaste contains an alkali which will then cancel out all the acid surrounding your teeth
Having a healthy diet
Having a healthy diet will help prevent decay because by not having as many snacks or sweets throughout the day you are stoping the amount of sugar and acids from entering your mouth
What is mechanical digestion
This happens primarily in the mouth as our teeth cut and grind the food into smaller pieces. This increases the surface area. It is also happening in the stomach as its muscular walls churn the food.
What is chemical digestion
Chemical digestion starts in the mouth and continues in the stomach and small intestine. It involves breaking the chemical bonds in the large molecules resulting in the formation of smaller molecules. Enzymes are responsible for chemical digestion.
What are the three main enzymes
Amylase
Protease
Lipase
What does the enzyme amylase do
Amylase breaks down carbohydrates e.g. starch into simple sugars
What does the enzyme protease do
Protease breaks down proteins into amino acids.
What does the enzyme lipase do
Lipase breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol
What are the 5 stages of digestion
Ingestion
Digestion
Absorption
Assimilation
Egestion
What happens during ingestion and where does it happen
Food is taken to the body
In the mouth
What happens during digestion and where does it happen
The food is broken down into soluble substances- this starts in the mouth with the chemical digestion of starch and continues in the stomach then in the small intestine.
Mouth
Stomach
Small intestine (ileum)
What happens during absorption and where does it happen
The soluble substances are absorbed into the blood stream and transported around the body
Ileum
What happens during assimilation and where does it happen
The soluble products of digestion are taken into the cells where they are used.
All living cells
What happens during egestion and where does it happen
Removal of waste food (defecation)
Anus
the importance of breaking food
down into small, soluble molecules
Digestion is important for breaking down food into nutrients, which the body uses for energy, growth, and cell repair
Describe how to carry out an experiment to find
how much energy is in different types of crisps.
Burn food samples under a boiling tube containing a measured amount of water. Measure the temperature increase in the water. Calculate the amount of energy needed to cause that temperature increase. This gives an estimate of the amount of energy stored in the food.
