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Biology Yr 9 > Diet And Digestion > Flashcards

Diet And Digestion Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the 7 food groups

A

Lipids, protein, carbohydrates, vitamins, fibre, water, minerals

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2
Q

Define a balanced diet

A

A balanced diet should provide enough nutrients like calories, protein and vitamins, to keep you healthy. It not that u eat the same amount of each food group it’s more that u eat the correct amount.

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3
Q

What does malnutrition mean

A

deficiencies or excesses in nutrient intake, imbalance of essential nutrients

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4
Q

What are the dangers to an unbalanced diet

A

obesity, weight gain, chronic diseases or heart problems

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5
Q

What reagent is used in the starch test and the colour change

A

Iodine and it turns from yellow/brown to blue/black

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6
Q

What reagent is used in the sugar test and the colour change

A

Benedict and blue to brick red

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7
Q

What reagent is used in the protein test and the colour change

A

Buiret and blue to lilac/purple

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8
Q

What reagent is used in the fat test and the colour change

A

Ethanol emulsion

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9
Q

What is an example of malnutrition

A

Obesity

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10
Q

How much energy does 1g of protein give us

A

17kilojoules

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11
Q

How much energy does 1g of fat provide us with

A

38kilojoules

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12
Q

How much energy does 1g of carbohydrates give us

A

17kilojoules

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13
Q

Each person needs a different amount of energy depending on factors such as:

A

gender (male or female)
age
amount of daily activity

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14
Q

What are the four different types of teeth

A

Canine, incisors, premolars, molars

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15
Q

Starch test name

A

Iodine test

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16
Q

Starch test method

A

Add drops of iodine to solid or liquid placed in a spotting tile

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17
Q

Starch test positive result is?

A

Yellow/brown to blue/black

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18
Q

Sugar test name

A

Benedict’s test

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19
Q

Sugar test method

A

Crush food with water in a pestle and mortar
Test
Add extract to a boiling tube
Add 2cm? of Benedict’s reagent
Place in a HOT water bath for 2-3 minutes

20
Q

Sugar positive result

A

Blue to green to brick red

21
Q

Protein test name

A

Biuret test

22
Q

Protein test method

A

Crush food with water in a pestle and mortar
Add to a boiling tube
Add 1cm? of sodium hydroxide and copper sulfate
Shake gently

23
Q

Fat test name

A

Emulsion test or paper spot test

24
Q

Fat test method

A

Crush food with ethanol in pestle and mortar
Add extract to a boiling tube
Half fill a second boiling tube with cold water
Pore extract into boiling tube containing cold water

25
Q

Fat test positive result

A

A white emulsion will form at the top of the boiling tube containing
cold water

26
Q

Paper spot test method

A

Rub food on surface of absorbent paper (e.g filter paper)

27
Q

Paper spot positive results

A

A translucent stain will be left on the paper

28
Q

Causes of tooth decay

A

A dry mouth
a lack of fluoride
Sugary drinks

29
Q

Describe tooth decay causes

A

A dry mouth
A dry mouth can cause decay because saliva helps to prevent bacteria so when ur mouth is dry the bacteria can be more expected

A lack of fluoride
A lack of Fluoride can cause tooth decay by helping the enamel resist less action of the acids.

Sugary drinks
Sugary drink will cause decay because of how acidic they are and because of how many chemicals are in them. Sugary drinks are actually worse than sugary foods because the liquid can get in little crevices of your teeth

30
Q

tooth decay preventions

A

Brush your teeth 2 a day
Flossing ur teeth
A healthy diet

31
Q

Tooth decay preventions described

A

Flossing your teeth
Flossing your teeth can prevent decay because it is removing and excess food from between your teeth that may cause a cavity.

Brushing your teeth twice a day. Brushing your teeth twice a day with FLUORIDE TOOTHPASTE can prevent tooth decay because fluoride toothpaste contains an alkali which will then cancel out all the acid surrounding your teeth

Having a healthy diet
Having a healthy diet will help prevent decay because by not having as many snacks or sweets throughout the day you are stoping the amount of sugar and acids from entering your mouth

32
Q

What is mechanical digestion

A

This happens primarily in the mouth as our teeth cut and grind the food into smaller pieces. This increases the surface area. It is also happening in the stomach as its muscular walls churn the food.

33
Q

What is chemical digestion

A

Chemical digestion starts in the mouth and continues in the stomach and small intestine. It involves breaking the chemical bonds in the large molecules resulting in the formation of smaller molecules. Enzymes are responsible for chemical digestion.

34
Q

What are the three main enzymes

A

Amylase
Protease
Lipase

35
Q

What does the enzyme amylase do

A

Amylase breaks down carbohydrates e.g. starch into simple sugars

36
Q

What does the enzyme protease do

A

Protease breaks down proteins into amino acids.

37
Q

What does the enzyme lipase do

A

Lipase breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol

38
Q

What are the 5 stages of digestion

A

Ingestion
Digestion
Absorption
Assimilation
Egestion

39
Q

What happens during ingestion and where does it happen

A

Food is taken to the body

In the mouth

40
Q

What happens during digestion and where does it happen

A

The food is broken down into soluble substances- this starts in the mouth with the chemical digestion of starch and continues in the stomach then in the small intestine.

Mouth
Stomach
Small intestine (ileum)

41
Q

What happens during absorption and where does it happen

A

The soluble substances are absorbed into the blood stream and transported around the body

Ileum

42
Q

What happens during assimilation and where does it happen

A

The soluble products of digestion are taken into the cells where they are used.

All living cells

43
Q

What happens during egestion and where does it happen

A

Removal of waste food (defecation)

Anus

44
Q

the importance of breaking food
down into small, soluble molecules

A

Digestion is important for breaking down food into nutrients, which the body uses for energy, growth, and cell repair

45
Q

Describe how to carry out an experiment to find
how much energy is in different types of crisps.

A

Burn food samples under a boiling tube containing a measured amount of water. Measure the temperature increase in the water. Calculate the amount of energy needed to cause that temperature increase. This gives an estimate of the amount of energy stored in the food.

Biology Yr 9 (3 decks)

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