Diet and CVD

Question 1

government target for HALE

Answer 1

increase HALE by 5yrs by 2035

Question 2

prior statins, what should the treatment be for those with high CVD risk

Answer 2

1. determine likelihood of a familial lipid disorder;
2. exclude secondary causes of dyslipidemia e.g. alcohol, uncontrolled diabetes, hypothyroidism;
3. discuss benefits of lifestyle modification and optimise management of all other comorbidities/risk factors;
4. reassess risk after lifestyle change
5. refer people to programs such as exercise classes and smoking cessation if they need help

Question 3

NICE guidance for lifestyle advice for CVD (4)

Answer 3

advise stopping smoking and avoid passive smoking; advise weight loss if the person is overweight; advise to keep alcohol consumption below the recommended (<14units per week over 3 days, 2 days alcohol free); advise the pt to be physically active

Question 4

what type of fats should be consumed

Answer 4

Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA); polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)

Question 5

what kinds of food have a high glycemic index

Answer 5

table sugar; potatoes; white bread

Question 6

what kinds of food have a low glycemic index

Answer 6

apple; lentils; pearl barley

Question 7

examples of PUFAs and where to get them

Answer 7

omega 3 long chain fatty acids - eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahaexanoic acid (DHA); obtained from oily fish e.g. salmon, mackeral

Question 8

effect of fish oils on CVD risk

Answer 8

decreases risk of MI and CHD; positive effect on plasma lipid profile - esp. triglycerides and HDLs

Question 9

what kind of diet are people advised to eat

Answer 9

mediterranean style - replace butter w olive oil, less meant, more fruit, veg and fish

Question 10

emphasis of the dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH, 6)

Answer 10

reduce sodium intake; increase fruit and veg; fat-free/low-fat dairy; whole grains, nuts, legumes; limit saturated fats, cholesterol, red meat etc.; avoid sweets/added-sugars