Diet and cardiovascular disease pt.2

Question 1

What are the physiological and cellular effects of n-3 LCPUFA in relation to atherosclerosis and plaque stability?

Answer 1

regulate arrythmia- however in vivo the evidence is weak

decrease fasting and post-prandial triglycerides

inhibit smooth muscle cell activation

inhibit expression and secretion of Chemo-attractants
* Pro-inflammatory cytokines
* Growth factors
* Pro-inflammatory eicosanoids

on vascular endothelium found to have anti-inflammatory effect and decrease adhesion molecule expression

inhibit thrombosis

Question 2

What are the potential mechanism involved in cardioprotective effects of whole grains?

Answer 2

Beta glucan (soluble fibre in oats, barley etc.) and decrease cholesterol/bile acid absorption
Increase cholesterol mobilisation

Other fibres (RS II, etc)
phytochemicals-
beneficially affect gut microbiota and affecting some activity of bacteria

Then increase in short chain fatty acids -which linked to decrease BP, affect gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis and insulin resistance

Also change in gut microbiota - reduce amount of trimethyl amine (bad if oxidised in liver- TMAO)

Question 3

What other dietary components potentially important for
cardiovascular health?

Answer 3

• Vitamin D- Carotenoids- phytochemicals

Question 4

Concepts of nutrigenomics/nutrimetabonomics
and personalised nutrition?

Answer 4

a polymorphism (A-6G) in the angiotensinogen gene causes homozygous (AA) individuals to be more susceptible to dietary salt (NaCl) than those without the polymorphism.

Dietary components can alter molecular processes such as DNA structure,
gene expression, and metabolism, which can impact on disease initiation,
development, or progression. Individual genetic variation can influence how
nutrients are assimilated, metabolized, stored, and excreted by the body.