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Medications > Diet Abd Cardiac Health > Flashcards

Diet Abd Cardiac Health Flashcards

Learn all the dietary factors for heart health

1
Q

What drug does cranberry juice interact with

A

Warfarin

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2
Q

What does ACE stand for?

A

Angiotensin converting enzyme

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3
Q

Name 6 ACE inhibitors

A 
Captopril
Enalapril
Lisinopril
Perindopril
Quinapril
Ramipril
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4
Q

Name 3 brands of captopril

A

Capoten
Aceomel
Captor

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5
Q

Name 2 brands of Enalopril

A

Innovace

Enap

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6
Q

Name 6 brands of lisinopril

A 
Zestril
Carace 
Lisopress
Lispril
Zesger 
Byzestra
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7
Q

Name 1 brand of perindopril

A

Coversyl

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8
Q

Name 1 brand of Quinapril

A

Accupro

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9
Q

Name 3 brands of ramipril

A

Tritace
Ramic
Ramilo

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10
Q

Name 5 combinations of ACE inhibitor and diuretic

A 
Accuretic 
Capozide
Coversyl Plus
Innozide 
Zestoretic
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11
Q

Name 2 combinations of ACE and calcium channel blockers

A

Acerycal

Triapin

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12
Q

Name 2 generic aldosterone antagonists

A

Eplerenone

Spironolactone

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13
Q

Name 2 brands of aldosterone antagonists

A

Inspra

Aldactone

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14
Q

Name 3 generic alpha blockers

A

Doxazosin
Prazosin
Terazosin

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15
Q

Name 3 brands of alpha blockers

A

Cardura
Hypovase
Hytrin

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16
Q

What 4 things do ACE inhibitors do

A

Prevent a second heart attack and further damage

Lower blood pressure

Protect kidneys in diabetes

Improve symptoms of heart failure and slow prgression of the disease

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17
Q

What is main side effecrt of ACEi

A

Dry irritating cough, most likely after starting or increasing med.

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18
Q

What 3 things do aldosterone antagonists do?

A

Block the effect of the hormone aldosterone

This helps maintain pumping action of the heart

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19
Q

What 2 situations are aldosterone antagonists used for?

A

To treat heart failure

Sometimes after a heart attack

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20
Q

What is main side effect of aldosterone antagonists? Eplerenone (Inspra), spironolactone (aldactone)

A

Raises potassium

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21
Q

What do alpha blockers do?

A

They relax the blood vessels by blocking the nerve signals that cause them to constrict

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22
Q

What are alpha blockers used for? Doxazosin (Cardura), Prazosin(Hypovase), Terazosin(Hytrin)

A

Lower blood pressure

Sometimes to manage the symptoms of an enlarged prostrate

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23
Q

What are ARBs used for

A

Same as ACEi but wirk in slightly different way

Prevent a second heart attack and further damage

Lower blood pressure

Protect kidneys in diabetes

Improve symptoms of heart failure and slow prgression of the disease

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24
Q

Give 6 examples of ARBs

A 
Candesartan 
Eprosartan 
Losartan 
Olmesartan 
Telmisartan 
Valsartan
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25
Q

Give 7 brand names for ARBs

A 
Candesartan  Atacand
Eprosartan Teveten
Losartan cozaar
Olmesartan omesar, benetor
Telmisartan micardis 
Valsartan diovan  (in entresto)
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26
Q

What brands have ARB and Diuretic

A 
Atacand plus
Co-Diovan
Cozaar-Comp
Micardis plus
Omesar plus/Benetor plus
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27
Q

What brands are ARB and calcium channel blockers

A

Exforge
Konverge
Twynsta

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28
Q

What do the ARB drugs end with

A

sartan

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29
Q

What does 2 drugs does Entresto contain

A

Sacubitril

Valsartan

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30
Q

What are side effects of ARBs

A

Dizziness, headache, fatigue, flu like symptoms

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31
Q

What is amiodarone

A

An anti-arrhythmic

32
Q

What is amiodarone used for

A

To control heart rhythm

Slowing heart rate if it’s beating too fast

33
Q

2 interesting facts about amiodarone (cardarone)

A

Start at high does and reduce as it takes a long time to build up in body- stays for months too.

May make skin sensitive to sunlight.

Could cause over or underactive thyroid xheck TFTs
Could affect liver function
Eye sight, night blindness
Lungs yearly CXR

34
Q

Name 4 generic antiplatelet drugs

A

Aspirin
Clopidogrel
Prasugrel
Ticagrelor

35
Q

Name 4 brands of antiplatelet meds

A

Aspirin aspirin
Clopidogrel plavix
Prasugrel efient
Ticagrelor brilique

36
Q

What antiplatelet meds do you give after stents

A

Aspirin
And
Another x 12 to 18 months

Clopidogrel plavix
Prasugrel efient
Ticagrelor brilique

37
Q

What other medication do you use when on antiplatelet medication?

A

Proton pump inhibitors in case of GI bleeding

38
Q

What are sideeffects of ticegrelor?

A

Shortness of breath

39
Q

What does ticegrelor interact with?

A

Clarithromycin

40
Q

What is the brand name if Clopidogrel

A

Plavix

41
Q

What is the brand name of Prasugrel?

A

Efient

42
Q

When are beta blockers used?

A

Angine
High blood pressure
Irregular heart rhythm arrhythmia (Afib is most common)
After heart attack

43
Q

In high blood pressure what do beta blockers do?

A

Block adrenaline like substances in body and lower BP

Improve efficiency of heart by making rhythm more regular

44
Q

How do beta blockers work?

A

Reduce stress hormones
This slows rate and force of contraction of the heart
This reduces workload on heart by reducing the amount of oxygen needed by heart muscle
This reduces angina

45
Q

Generic names of beta blockers

A 
Atenolol 
Bisoprolol 
Carvedilol 
Celipropol
Metopropolol
Nebivolol 
Propranolol 
Sotalol
46
Q

What are brand names of b blockers

A

Atenolol
Bisoprolol Emcor, Cardicor, bisopine, bisocor, Emcolol, Soprol.

Carvedilol 
Celipropol
Metopropolol
Nebivolol 
Propranolol 
Sotalol
47
Q

Name beta blockers combined with diuretic

A

Atecor CT
Tenoret 50
Tenoretic
Atenetic

48
Q

Name 2 beta blockers combined with calcium channel blockers

A

Beta adalat

Niften

49
Q

Side effects of beta blockers

A 
Tiredness 
Dizziness 
Headache
Cold hands and feet
Sweating 
Disturbed sleep 
Nightmares 
Fatigue
Depression
Can raise BSLs in DM
50
Q

What is Ranolazine (Ranexa) used for

A

Angina

51
Q

Side effects of ranolazine

A

Dizziness, nausea, vomiting, constipation, headache, weakness.

52
Q

What do calcium channel blockers do?

A

Dihydropyridine derivatives mainly treat high BP

Non dihydropyridine derivatives lowers BP, lowers heart rate, used for angina and irregular heart rate.

53
Q

What are generic names of calcium channel blockers

A 
Dihydropyridine derivatives 
Amlodipine 
Felodipine
Lercanidipine 
Nifedipine

Non-dihydropyridine derivatives
Diltiazem
Verapamil

54
Q

Whate are brand names of calcium channel blockers

A 
Dihydropyridine derivatives 
Amlodipine          istin,   amlist 
Felodipine            plendil
Lercanidipine       zanidip
Nifedipine            adalat,  nifed

Non-dihydropyridine derivatives
Diltiazem Dilzem, Adizem, Entrydil
Verapamil Isoptin, veramil

55
Q

What are side effects of calcium channel blockers

A

Headache, swelling ankles, facial flushing, dizziness, difficulty sleeping

56
Q

Name 4 groups of cholesterol lowering drugs

A

Statins
Ezetemibe
Nicotinic acid
Fibrates

57
Q

How do statins work?

A

Reduce production of cholesterol by liver

58
Q

What do statins do?

A

Lower cholesterol
Slows build up of plaque
Stabalise plaque that is there

59
Q

Names generic versions of statins

A 
Atorvastatin 
Fluvastatin 
Pravastatin 
Rosuvastatin 
Simvastatin
60
Q

What the brand names of statins

A

Atorvastatin lipitor
Fluvastatin lescol
Pravastatin lipostat, pravitin, pravamel, pravat, bystat, cholstat
Rosuvastatin crestor,
Simvastatin zocor, sivatin, simator, somzor, simian, ritechol.

61
Q

Side effects of statins

A

Mild indigestion
Headache
Rarely liver and muscle inflammation (myostitis)

62
Q

How does ezetemibe (Ezetrol/suvezen/inegy/atozet/lipocomb work

A

Reduces the amount of cholesterol that your body absorbs. Used in combination with statins
Dose 10 mg even when combined

63
Q

What does nicotinic acid (Niaspan) do?

A

Lowers LDL and triglycerides by reducing the amount your body produces. Increases hdl

64
Q

Side effects of nicotinic acid

A

Flushing

65
Q

What are names of fibrates

A

Fenofibrate (lipantil)

Gemfibrozil (lopid)

66
Q

What do fibrates do?

A

Lower cholesterol

67
Q

Septal myectomy

A

Thickening of ventricle and so needs ti be pared away.

68
Q

What does HOCM mean

A

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Abnormally thick heart muscle
Mostly genetic
Can often go unnoticed with no problems

69
Q

What does DCM stand for?

A

Dilated cardiomyopathy
Most common cardiomyopathy
Causes often not known
Alcohol could be one, genetic, often idiopathic (cause not known)

70
Q

Trinomia

A

aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid),atorvastatin,ramipril

71
Q

Suvezen

A

Ezetimibe

Rosuvastatin

72
Q

Konverge

A

Amlodipine
And
Olmesartan

73
Q

Dapagliflozin

A

SGLT2
Brand name Farxiga and Forxiga
Reduces blood sugars on diabetes
Used in HF with reduced EF HFrEF

74
Q

Entresto

A

Sacubitril / Valsartan
angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor
symptomatic chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction

75
Q

ROSS procedure

A

Diseased aortic valve is replaced with patient’s own pulmonary valve. Pulmonary valve is replaced with tissue valve.
Mechanical valves last longer but need life long warfarin.
Tissue valve wouldn’t last long in aortic valve as it is a high pressure valve.

76
Q

Ketones

A

Normal less than 0.6
0.6 to 1.5 slightly increased risk, recheck 8n 2 hours
1.6 to 2.9 increased risk nurse or GP immediately
3 very high risk seek help immediately

Medications (7 decks)

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