dieser Flashcards
can dieser be used in place of a definite article (der, die, das) ?
yes
dieser means:
This
the ending of dieser is the same as regular definite articles: der, die, das
masc. der. dieser
fem. die. diese
neut. das. diesels
Ex.
masc.
dieser Mann = this man
der mann = the man
fem.
diese schuler = this school
die schuler = the school
neut.
dieses kind = this child
das Kind = the child
Masculine Nouns tend to:
Describe males
Often end in
- er - en - el
Feminine nouns tend to:
Describe females
Often end in
- in - ung - heit - keit - ion - schaft - tät - e
Neuter Nouns fand to:
Often und in:
- Chen - lein - um - tum
Indefinate articles for the subject of a sentence:
are known as “ein” words
ein, kein
ein, eine means “a” or “an”
- ein (masc & neuter)
- eine (fem)
Kein, keine means not any or no.
die ending of kein is same as ein:
- kein (masc & neuter)
- keine (fem)
the Verb comes before the subject and Rest of sentense stays the same
verb: describe an Action, statt or occurrance
subject: person, place, thing, or idea that is doing or being something.
You can find the subject of a sentence if you can find the verb.
Ask the question, “Who or what ‘verbs’ or ‘verbed’?” and the answer to that question is the subject.
Plurals:
Some end in - s like:
singular: das autos
plural: die Autos
All plural Nouns use the definate article:
- die.
NO MATTER WHAT THE GENDERIS IN THE SINGULAR.
Many masculine nouns form plurals by adding:
- e ending or by an umlaut over - a, - o, or -u PLUS adding an -e ending
Example: sing. plural der Tisch. die Tische der schuh. die Schuhe der Satz. die Sätze der stuhl. die Stühle
if a masculine noun ends in
- en
- er
- el
an additional ending is not added but sometimes an umlaut is added.
Example:
sing. plural
der Boden. die Böden
some masculine and feminine Nouns already have their down plural formation:
Examples:
sing. plural
der Mann. die Männer
fem.
die Mutter. Die Mütter
Many feminine Nouns form plurals by adding to the end…:
- n
- en
Many neuter nouns form plurals by adding to the end :
- er
- umlaut to
- a
- o
- u
BUT if the noun ends in - Chen - lein THAN NO ending is required
The German 3rd person plural pronoun (like the English pronoun “they”) is used for ALL plurals no matter what gender of the singular noun.
Die Männer sind hier
Sie sind hier
THE MEN are here
THEY are here
3rd person SINGULAR pronoun “sie” and the 3rd person PLURAL pronoun “sie” is similar to die Englis pronouns:
- its
- it’s
They Sound exactly the same but usage is different.
sie (sing.) is used with singular verb
sie (plural) is used with plural verbs
have to look at the context of sentense to know which one to use.
Ex.
sie ist = she is
sie sind = they are
1st person and 2nd person pronouns:
- ich. - I. = 1st person
- du. - you = 2nd person
- wir. - we = 1st person
- ihr. - you = 2nd person
- Sie. - you = 2nd person
Descriptions of 2nd person pronouns:
du = singular & informal
use with children,
family & friends.
ihr = plural and informal
Use with children,
family and friends
Sie = singular or plural
formal.
Use with strangers
and to show respect.
Use when you
address someone
who has a title .....like
a doctor.sein = to be is not only used with 3rd person pronound
It is used with all pronouns too. the change of sein depends on the conjugation of the verb sein….
ich bin / I am
wir sind / we are
du bist / you are
ihr said/ you are
er ist / he is
Sie sind / you are
sie ist / she is
sie sind / they are
Questions are formed by .
placing the verb before the subject.
Ex.
ER ist Klein. = HE is small.
Ist ER klein? = is HE small?
when introduce onself:
Say last name first
Guten Tag. Ich hweiße Rabe, Andreas Rabe
when the location is at a persons house, what phrase is used?
zu Hause (at home)
Die Dame ist zu Hause.
(The lady is at home)
Der Herr ist zu Hause.
( The gentleman is at home)
When the question of the interrogative “wo” (where) uses the preposition word “in” ….what do you do?
If the location is not a broad geographical name like a continent, country, city THAN the definite article MUST accompany the preposition.
Masculine & neuter nouns use “im” = the contraction for for in the (in dem)
Feminine nouns use “in der” (in the)
Ex.
WO sind die Kinder?
(where are the children)
Sie sind I’m Park.
(They are in the park.)
WO ist der Richter?
(where is the judge?)
Er ist in der Bibliothek
( he is in the library)
Can the interrogative word “wie” (how) be used to ask someone’s name?
Yes.
the word itself means “how”…the German expression actually means “how is the person called?”
Ex.
WIE heisßt der Mann?
(what is the man`s name?)
DER Mann heißt Herr Rabe
(The man`s Name is Mr. Rabe)
What does the interrogative WAS (what) and WER (who) ask?
What object something is or who someone is
Ex.
Was ist das?
(what is that?)
Das ist ein Kino.
(Thhat is a movie theater)
Wer ist dad?
(who is that?)
Das ist der VerkKäufer.
that is the salesman.
When the answer to the interrogative questions WAS (what) and WER (who) ask is a plural noun than .
The verb becomes the plural form SIND.
Ex.
Das sind Maine Bücher
These are my books
If a word is an object, what word do I use to ask what the object is?
when I answer this question and the word is a person what word do I use to ask who the person is?
WAS
Ex.
ein Haus
Was ist das? what is that?
Das ist ein Haus.
(that is a house)
WER
Herr Rabe
Wer ist Das? who is that?
Das ist Herr Rabe
(that is Mr. Rabe)
