Diesel Engines Flashcards
Where are diesel engines used on Naval vessels? 4 parts
Diesel generator
Maintain engines and motor boats
Air compressors
Fire pumps
The first cylinder is normally located opposite the drive end (gearbox end) I.e. on the front of the engine known as the …
Free end
The cylinder head … off the top of the cylinders.
Closes
The cylinder head forms part of the … chamber and accommodates the injector.
Combustion
In the cylinder head are the … and … ports, as well as the valves and part of the valve operating gear
Intake
Exhaust
The cylinder head joint makes a …, …, …, and … tight seal between the cylinder block and cylinder head
Water
Oil
Gas
Air
The sump acts as a … for oil draining from the bearings, rocker gear etc
Reservoir
Draw the generic engine/ drive layout
Where does the cylinder numbering start?
Free end
Piston compression rings provide a sliding … between the outer surface of the piston and the inner surface of the cylinder
Seal
Piston rings prevent the fuel/air and exhaust gasses in the combustion chamber from leaking into the … during the compression and combustion
Sump
Oil control/scrapper rings prevent oil from the sump leaking into the combustion chamber, where it would be … and …
Burned and lost
Piston rings transfer … from the piston to the cylinder or cylinder liner.
Heat
Piston rings assist with the lubrication and the … of the piston and cylinder liner, by forming an oil wedge.
Sealing
The connecting rod connects the … to the …
Piston
Crankshaft
The bearing around the gudgein pin is known as the “…”
Small end
The bearing around the crankshaft is known as the “…”
Big end
The gudgeon pin connects the … to the … rod through the small end bearing and transmits the load from the piston to the connecting rod
Piston
Connecting rod
The Crankshafts main task is to change the … motion of the piston, to … motion to provide drive for the driven unit and auxiliaries
Reciprocating
Rotating
The flywheel is used to promote … running during the … strikes of an engine and to help the engine other the … strokes
Smooth
Non-power
Idle
The purpose of the camshaft is to … the opening and closing of both the inlet and exhaust …
Control
Valves
The camshafts are driven by and at … the speed of the crankshaft.
Half
The spur gears, … or … belts are used to drive the camshafts
Chains
Timing
The task of valves is to open the intake ports at the end of the exhaust stroke / during the induction stroke and the exhaust port at the end of the power stroke / during the exhaust stroke and to seal them off during the … / … strokes
Compression
Power
The pushrod and cam follower … … from the … to the rocker arm which in turn opens the valves
Transfers motion
Camshaft
The rocker arm is a pivoting arm that … … from the pushrod to activate a …
Transfers motion
Valve
The purpose of the fuel injector is to inject measured amounts of high pressure, … fuel into the cylinders
Atomised
Combustion is achieved by the addition of … to a diesel fuel/air mixture in an enclosed space above a piston
Heat
Heat is a produce by the … of … as the piston rises in the cylinder
Compression air
… fuel is injected into the cylinder as the piston nears the end of the compression stroke.
Atomised
This heated air causes the fuel / air mixture to ignite causing a rapid rise in … and … of burning gases
Temperature and expansion
The expanding gases act on top of the … and force it downwards.
Piston
The upward and downward action, known as … motion, is converted into a rotary motion by the …
Reciprocating
Crankshaft
The crankshaft is connected to a drive shaft and the … motion is transmitted to a generator or transmission system
Transmitted
Name the 4 stroke cycle of the piston
Induction
Compression
Power
Exhaust
(Suck push bang blow)
The … valve … allowing air into the cylinder. At the same time the … valve …
Inlet
Opens
Exhaust
Closes
The piston moves from the Top … Centre (T.D.C) to … Dead Centre (B.D.C)
Dead
Bottom
During the induction stroke the increase in volume causes a … in the cylinder. Fresh air is drawn in past the open inlet valve.
Depression
The intake valve does not … until … BDC in order to further improve cylinder charging
Close
After
During the compression stroke moves from … to … . With both … shut the upward moving piston … the trapped air causing an … in temperature
BDC
TDC
VALVES
COMPRESS
INCREASE
Towards the end of the compression stroke, the … injects atomised fuel into the heated air at high pressure.
Injector
During the power stroke, the … fuel injected into the cylinder, after a short time (ignition delay), ignites in the heated air (spontaneous combustion) and combustion begins.
Atomised
During the power stroke the combustion of gasses generate a pressure, which moves the piston from … to …
TDC
BDC
The exhaust … begins to open shortly before BDC. The remaining combustion … begins to move the exhaust … past the open exhaust valve.
Valve
Pressure
Gasses
The piston moves from … to … forcing the remaining exhaust gases out of the cylinder posts the open .. valve.
BDC
TDC
Exhaust
The exhaust valve does not fully … until shortly after … whilst the … valve commence opening shortly before TDC
Close
TDC
Intake
The state in which both valves are open is called “… Overlap”
Valve
The fuel service (header) tank maintains a ready to use supply of …, water … fuel in the machinery space.
Clean
Free
The tank strainer prevents …, … particles of dirt from entering the fuel systems and choking fine filters
Large
Coarse
The fuel lift pump takes its auctions from the service … and supplies fuel, at low pressure, to the … … pump.
Tank
Fuel injection
Filters are used to remove …, … partials from the fuel preventing injectors and pumps from choking and suffering from premature wear.
Smaller
Finer
The fuel injection pump delivers … pressure fuel, in measures amounts, to the correct … at the correct …
Injector
Time
The returned fuel from the “spill return has … and … the working parts of the injector
Lubricated
Cooled
The sump acts as a … for the engines … system and collects the oil draining from the engine bearings and rocker gear etc.
Reservoir
Lubrication
The sump strainer prevents …, coarse, Particles entering the lube oil system
Large
The lube oil pump supplies oil under … to the engines bearings and a supply at a … pressure to other working parts of the engine e.g. valve operating mechanism
Pressure
Lower
There is a pressure relief valve fitted on the discharge side of the pump to relieve … oil pressure back to the sump
Excess
The lube oil pump is a … displacement pump e.g. gear wheel
Positive
The priming pump provides a method of supplying lube oil to the bearings … to the initial starting (priming) and for emptying the sump of oil when necessary for maintenance
Prior
Filters remove …, … partials from the lube oil system.
Small
Fine
The purpose of the lube oil cooler is to … the lube oil using a thermostat therefore maintaining the oil’s temperature.
Cool
The fresh water cooling system circuit is designed to cool the …, and cylinder head and is constructed as a … loop system constant re-circulated the coolant
Cylinder back
Closed
… is added to fresh water in a ratio of … for the fresh water cooling system.
AL39
50:50
AL39 contains … and …
Anti freeze
Corrosion inhibitor
The engine block water passages allow water to circulate through the engine for the removal of …
Heat
The purpose of the thermostat is to control and maintain the engines running …
Temperature
The thermostat also allows for the rapid … up of the engine when it is started from cold
Warming
The header tank is also referred to as the … tank and acts as a reservoir to make up system losses and allow for expansion as the water temperature …
Expansion
Rises
A … valves allows a one way flow of water from the header tank into the system
Non-return
The purpose of the heat exchanger us to remove … heat from the … water coolant
Excess
Fresh
Cooling is provided by the … … system circuit
Salt water
The heat operated by-pass valve monitors the temperature of the fresh water circulating through the … … and allows the water to by-pass the heat exchanger if it does not require cooling
Heat exchanger
Vent cocks are used for
1. Venting of … when … the system
2. Allowing air into the system when draining down the engines coolant for maintenance purposes
Air
Filling
The salt water cooling circuit is a direct flow system drawing water in from the sea, circulating it through coolers and dish charging it back to the sea. (… loop)
Open
The salt water cooling circuit is fitted to cool the … … and … oil systems through heat exchange
Fresh water
Lubricating
The purpose of a sea cock is to … the suction of the system from the …
Isolate
Sea
The … is used to prevent large (coarse) particles a entering the system
Strainer
The lube oil cooler … heat from the lubricating oil
Removes
The purpose of the discharge overboard valve it to isolate the discharge side of the system from the …
Sea
The coolant is tested, weekly for the following 3
Salinity (salt content)
Density (mixture of fresh water and AL39)
Acidity
As lube oil pressure … to a pre-determined limit an … will be set off
Falls
Alarm
If the pressure of low lube oil continues to … and it drops to a second pre-determined level the engine will … (trip)
Fall
Trip
Low coolant pressure
As with the lube oil system, I’d the coolant pressure … to a pre determined level an … will be set off
Falls
Alarm
Low coolant pressure
Should the pressure continue to fallX to a second pre-determined level, the engine will …
Trip
Low coolant pressure
As before you are to … the MEOOW1 as soon as possible, if you notice the coolant pressure beginning to fall
Inform
High lube oil temperature
Should the engine oil temperature rise about safe limits, an alarm will be …
Set off
High lube oil temperature
If the temperature of the oil rises even … the engine will trip
Higher
As with the engine oil temperature, if the coolant temperature should rise above … …, an alarm will be set off.
If the temps continues to rise the engine will … …
Safe limits
Shut off
If the engine speed … safe working limits an over-speed Device operates to trip the engine
Excels
If an engine trips it canning be restarted until:
1. The … of the trip is investigate and …
2. The trip is …
Cause
Removed
Reset
The fire fighting system can be operated either … or …
Locally
Remotely
A tripped engine cannot be restarted again until the cause of trip has been … and … and the trip …
Investigated
Removed
Reset
Diesel engines are a sever … hazard. So … … are always to be worn
Noise
Ear defenders
Remember that high pressure … and … are a fire hazard
Air
Fuel
In order to prevent fires, stop all … and mop up … at once
Leaks
Spillages