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mechanical science > Diesel Engine > Flashcards

Diesel Engine Flashcards

1
Q

The most commonly used prime mover

A

Diesel Engine

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2
Q

Available sizes of a Diesel Engine

A

Few to 10,000 hp

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3
Q

Relatively speaking, Diesel Engines are?

A

Small, Inexpensive, Powerful, Fuel Efficient, and Extremely Reliable if maintained properly

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4
Q

Modern Diesel engines came about as the result of?

A

Internal combustion principle by Sadi Carnot

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5
Q

Who is the inventor of Diesel Engines?

A

Dr. Rudolf Diesel

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6
Q

How do Diesel Engines operate?

A

The heat generated during the compression of the air-fuel charge caused ignition

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7
Q

What is the first fuel used on Dr. Diesel’s engine?

A

Coal Dust

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8
Q

What is the Compression pressure of the first Diesel engine?

A

1500 psi

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9
Q

How did the Diesel engine almost kill its inventor?

A

By exploding

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10
Q

What is the cause of the explosion of the first diesel engine?

A

Lack of cooling

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11
Q

What did Dr. Diesel use to improve the engine’s design?

A

Used oil as a fuel, added cooling water jacket around the cylinder, and lowering its compression to 550 psi

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12
Q

Production rights were sold to?

A

Adolphus Bush

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13
Q

(T or F) Diesel engines are heavier than gasoline engines of equal horsepower rating

A

True

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14
Q

How is the compression ratio measured?

A

By measuring how much the engine compresses the gasses in the engine’s cylinder

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15
Q

What is the Compression ratio of a gasoline engine?

A

Less than 10:1

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16
Q

What is the Compression ratio of an average gasoline engine car?

A

7:1

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17
Q

What is the range of Compression ratio of a diesel engine?

A

14:1 to 24:1

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18
Q

(T or F) Gasoline Engines are self-speed limiting

A

True

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19
Q

How are Gasoline engine’s speed controlled?

A

By butterfly valve in a carburetor

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20
Q

(T or F) Diesel Engines are self-speed limiting

A

F

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21
Q

(T or F) The air entering the Diesel engine always its maximum amount

A

T

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22
Q

(T or F) Diesel engines need speed limiters

A

T

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23
Q

What is the speed limiter used in a Diesel engine?

A

Governor

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24
Q

(T or F) Diesel engines need an ignition system

A

F

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25
Q

It is a single unit of cast iron block that provides oil and coolant passages and supports other parts of the engine.

A

Cylinder Block

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26
Q

This part is located at the bottom of the cylinder block and encloses the rotating crankshaft, counterweights, and directs returning oil into the oil pan.

A

Crankcase

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27
Q

It collects and stores the engine’s supply of oil.

A

Oil pan

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28
Q

It provides the engine the cylindrical structure needed to confine the combustion gasses and guides the engine’s pistons

A

Sleeve or Bore

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29
Q

How many types of cylinders are used on a diesel engine?

A

Two types
* Bored into the block (integral part)
* Machined steel sleeve (pressed into the block)

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30
Q

It is a type of sleeve that does not come in contact with a coolant.

A

Dry sleeve

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31
Q

It is a type of sleeve that does come in contact with a coolant.

A

Wet sleeve

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32
Q

It is the volume enclosed by the sleeve or bore

A

Combustion chamber

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33
Q

It is the diameter of the cylinder

A

Bore

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34
Q

It is a type of engine wherein all cylinders are in a row

A

In-line engine

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35
Q

It is a type of engine wherein it is arranged in two rows and set at an angle to align the common crankshaft

A

V-type

36
Q

It is the group of cylinders making up one side

A

Bank of cylinders

37
Q

It is a component that transforms the energy of the expanding gasses into mechanical energy

A

Piston

38
Q

Pistons are commonly made out of?

A

Aluminum or Cast-iron alloy

39
Q

It is a component that prevents the combustion gases and oil from bypassing

A

Piston rings

40
Q

It is the coating used in piston rings

A

Chrome or molybdenum

41
Q

How many piston rings do most Diesel engines have?

A

2 to 5

42
Q

It is the ring that acts as a pressure seal

A

Top ring

43
Q

It is the ring that acts as a wiper ring

A

Intermediate ring

44
Q

It is the ring that acts as an oiler ring

A

Bottom ring

45
Q

It is the part that connects the piston and crankshaft

A

Connecting rod

46
Q

Connecting rods are made out of what material?

A

Drop-forged, heat treated steel

47
Q

( T or F) Some diesel engine’s connecting rods have drilled down to the center to allow oil to travel from the crankshaft to the piston and piston pin

A

T

48
Q

It transforms the linear motion of the pistons into rotational motion that’s transmitted to the load.

A

Crankshaft

49
Q

The crankshaft rod bearing is _______ from the center of the crankshaft enabling it to convert the reciprocating motion of the piston into rotary motion of the crankshaft.

A

Offset/Eccentric

50
Q

The crankshaft does not ride directly on the engine block but on a?

A

Special bearing material

51
Q

The connecting rods also have _______ inserted between the crankshaft and connecting rods

A

Bearings

52
Q

The crankshaft is drilled with ______ _______ to allow the engine to feed oil to the components

A

Oil passages

53
Q

This is a component of a crankshaft that balances the weight of the connecting rods ensuring even force is applied during the rotation.

A

Counterweights

54
Q

Three purposes of a flywheel

A

1st Reduces vibration by smoothing out the power stroke
2nd Mounting surface used to bolt the engine up to its load
3rd Allows the starting motor to engage and crank the engine

55
Q

Functions of a cylinder head

A

1st Provides seal for the cylinder bore
2nd provide the structure holding the exhaust valves, fuel injector, and necessary linkages

56
Q

Cylinder heads are manufactured in two ways, what are those?

A

1st bolted to the block
2nd cast as one piece

57
Q

This part is mechanically opened or closed to admit or exhaust gas as needed.

A

Valves

58
Q

It is a long bar with an egg-shaped eccentric lobe, one lobe for each valve and fuel injector

A

Camshaft

59
Q

It is forced upside down as it follows the profile of the cam lobe

A

Follower

60
Q

It is the linkages used to connect the valves and fuel injectors

A

Pushrods or rocker arms

61
Q

It is applied to allow thermal expansion to happen in the rocker arm and valve

A

Valve lash

62
Q

It is a series of gears which allows the camshaft to be driven by the crankshaft

A

Idle gears or timing gears

63
Q

It compresses the incoming fresh air for delivery to the cylinders for combustion

A

Blower

64
Q

Five supporting systems for a Diesel engine to operate

A

Cooling
Lubrication
Fuel injection
Air intake
Air exhaust

65
Q

It is a support system to transfer waste heat out of the block and internals

A

Engine cooling system

66
Q

This support system lets the parts to have a thin film of oil riding on it to reduce friction

A

Engine Lubrication

67
Q

Two purposes of oil

A

Lubrication and cooling

68
Q

It maintains oil pressure in the galleries and returns oil to the oil pan upon high pressure

A

Pressure relief valve

69
Q

(T or F) In medium to large diesel engines the oil is also cooled before being distributed to the block

A

T

70
Q

(T or F) The fuel system must deliver dirty fuel to the combustion chamber

A

F

71
Q

Two purposes of fuel

A

Fuel for combustion
Cooling of the injectors

72
Q

(T or F) The air entering the engine must be clean, full of debris, and cool

A

F

73
Q

Types of Air filter

A

Wet - has a bath of oil
Dry - Made or paper, cloth, or metal screen

74
Q

Why is the engine designed to intake cool air?

A

Cool air is more dense than hot air, it provides more oxygen per cylinder charge compared to hot air which has less dense air

75
Q

Two functions of compressed air

A

1st increases the engine’s available power
2nd increase intake pressure

76
Q

Types of Air Intake Systems

A

Turbocharging
Supercharging

77
Q

Three functions of exhaust system of a diesel engine

A

1st Routes the spent combustion gases away from the engine
2nd Confines and routes the gasses to the turbocharger, if available
3rd Exhaust systems allows mufflers to be used to reduce engine noise

78
Q

How much travel is between TDC and BDC, or equal to a one stroke

A

180 degrees

79
Q

It is the total volume displaced by all the pistons during one stroke

A

Engine Displacement

80
Q

It refers to the order in which each of the cylinder in a multi-cylinder engine fires

A

Firing Order

81
Q

It is the volume remaining in the cylinder when the piston is at TDC

A

Clearance volume

82
Q

How is the clearance volume calculated while having an irregular-shaped combustion chamber?

A

By filling it with a measured amount of fluid

83
Q

Formula of Compression Ratio

A

Compression Ratio = (Displacement volume + Clearance volume) / Clearance volume

84
Q

It is the power transmitted to the piston by the gas in the cylinders

A

Indicated Horsepower

85
Q

Refers to the usable power delivered by the engine to the crankshaft

A

Brake Horsepower

86
Q

It is the ratio of an engine’s brake horsepower to the indicated horsepower

A

Mechanical Efficiency

87
Q

It is the measure of the engine’s ability to apply the power it is generating

A

Torque

mechanical science (2 decks)

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