Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MECH SCIENCE > DIESEL ENGINE > Flashcards

DIESEL ENGINE Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Most power facilities require some type of _____ to supply mechanical power for pumping, electric power generation, operation of heavy equipment, and to act as a backup electrical generator for _______ during the loss of the normal power source.

A

PRIME MOVER, EMERGENCY USE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

T or F. Diesel engines are small, expensive, powerful, fuel efficient, and extremely reliable.

A

FALSE

INEXPENSIVE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

In the early 19th century, the modern engine came about as the result of the _________ principles first proposed by Sadi Carnot

A

INTERNAL COMBUSTION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

_____ applied Sadi Carnot’s principles into a patented method of combustion that has become known as the diesel cycle.

A

DR. RUDOLF DIESEL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Dr. Diesel’s first engine run on ______ and used a compression pressure of _____ psi to increase its theoretical efficiency.

A

COAL DUST, 1500

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

After recovering, Diesel tried again using _____ as the fuel, adding a cooling water jacket around the cylinder, and lowering the compression pressure to _____ psi.

A

OIL, 550

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Production rights to the engine were sold to _______.

A

ADOLPHUS BUSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A diesel engine, when compared to a gasoline engine of equal horsepower, is _____ due to stronger, heavier materials used to withstand the greater dynamic force from the ______ combustion pressure present in the diesel engine

A

HEAVIER, HIGHER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

T or F. The greater combustion pressure is the result of the higher compression ratio used by diesel engine

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The measure of how much the engine compresses the gasses in the engine’s cylinder.

A

COMPRESSION RATIO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

In a diesel engine, compression ratio ranging from ____ to as high as ____ are commonly used.

A

14:1, 24:1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

______ engines are self-speed-limiting, due to the method the engine uses to control the amount of air entering the engine.

A

GASOLINE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Engine speed is indirectly controlled by the ______ in the carburetor. It limits the amount of air entering the engine

A

BUTTERFLY VALVE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

In a carburetor, the rate of air flow dictates the amount of _____ that will be mixed with the air.

A

GASOLINE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Diesel engines are not self-speed-limiting because the air/oxygen entering the engine is always the ______. Therefore, the engine speed is limited solely by the amount of fuel being _____ into the engine cylinders.

A

MAXIMUM AMOUNT, INJECTED

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Diesel engines require a speed limiter commonly called the _____, to control the amount of fuel being injected into the engine

A

GOVERNOR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

A diesel engine does not require an ______ because the fuel is injected into the cylinder as the piston comes to the top of its compression stroke.

A

IGNITION SYSTEM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The _____ is a single unit made from cast iron

A

CYLINDER BLOCK

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The _____ is usually located on the bottom of the cylinder block

A

CRANKCASE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The crankcase is defined as the _____ around the crankshaft and crankshaft bearings.

A

AREA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The _____ is located at the bottom of the crankcase

A

OIL PAN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The oil pan collects and stores the engine’s supply of ______.

A

LUBRICATING OIL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

One of two types of cylinders used in diesel engines is each cylinder is _____ into the block casting making the block and cylinders an integral part.

A

BORED

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

T or F. In the second type of cylinders used in diesel engines, machined steel sleeve is pressed into the block casting to form the cylinder.

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The _____ provides the engine with the cylindrical structure needed to confine the combustion gasses and act as a guide for the engine’s pistons.

A

CYLINDER SLEEVE OR BORE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

A ____ sleeve is surrounded by the metal of the block and does not come in direct contact with the engine’s coolant (water)

A

DRY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

A ____ sleeve comes in direct contact with the engine’s coolant.

A

WET

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

The volume enclosed by the sleeve or bore is called the ______ and is the space where the fuel is burned

A

COMBUSTION CHAMBER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

In either type of cylinder, sleeved or bored, the diameter of the cylinder is called the _____ of the engine and is stated in _____.

A

BORE, INCHES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

In an ____ engine, all cylinders are in a row

A

IN-LINE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

In a ____ engine, the cylinders are arranged in two rows set at an angle to each other that align to a common crankshaft

A

“V” TYPE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Each group of cylinders making up one side of the “V” is referred to as a _______.

A

BANK OF CYLINDERS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

It transforms the energy of the expanding gasses into mechanical energy

A

PISTON

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Pistons are made of ______ or _____ alloys.

A

ALUMINUM, CAST-IRON

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

To prevent the combustion gases from bypassing the piston and to keep friction to a minimum, each piston has several _____ around it.

A

METAL RINGS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Most diesel engine pistons have several rings, usually _____, with each ring performing a distinct function

A

2 TO 5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Functions of Piston Rings

A
  1. Act to reduce friction by minimizing the contact area between the piston and the cylinder wall.
  2. Act as the pressure seal (Top ring)
  3. Act as a wiper ring to remove and control the amount of oil film on the cylinder walls (Intermediate ring)
  4. Act as an oiler ring and ensures that a supply of lubricating oil is evenly deposited on the cylinder walls (Bottom ring)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

It connects the piston to the crankshaft

A

CONNECTING ROD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Some diesel engine _____ are drilled down the center to allow oil to travel up from the crankshaft and into the piston pin and piston for lubrication

A

CONNECTING RODS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

It transforms the linear motion of the pistons into a rotational motion that is transmitted to the load

A

CRANKSHAFT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Crankshafts are made of ______.

A

FORGED STEEL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

The rod bearings are _____, or _____, from the center of the crankshaft.

A

ECCENTRIC, OFFSET

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

It converts the reciprocating (up and down) motion of the piston into a rotary motion of the crankshaft

A

OFFSET

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

The amount of offset determines the ______ (distance the piston travels) of the engine

A

STROKE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

The crankshaft does not ride directly on the cast iron block crankshaft supports, but rides on ________ material.

A

SPECIAL BEARING

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

The connecting rods also have _____ inserted between the crankshaft and the connecting rods.

A

BEARINGS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

The crankshaft is drilled with _____ that allow the engine to feed oil to each of the crankshaft bearings and connection rod bearings and up into the connection rod itself.

A

OIL PASSAGES

48
Q

The crankshaft has large weights called ______, that balance the weigh of the connecting rods.

A

COUNTERWEIGHTS

49
Q

It is located on one end of the crankshaft.

A

FLYWHEEL

50
Q

Three Purposes of a Flywheel

A
  1. Through its inertia, it reduces vibration by smoothing out the power stroke as each cylinder fires
  2. It is the mounting surface used to bolt the engine up to its load
  3. On some diesels, it has gear teeth around its perimeter that allow the starting motor to engage and crank the diesel. KICKSTART ROTATION
51
Q

Functions of Cylinder Heads

A
  1. Provide the top seal for the cylinder sleeve or bore
  2. Provide the structure holding exhaust valves (and intake valves where applicable), the fuel injector, and necessary linkages.
52
Q

In one method to manufacture the cylinder heads, each cylinder has its own _______, which is bolted to the block. This method is used primarily on the _____ diesel engines.

A

HEAD CASTING, LARGER

53
Q

The method of casting the cylinder head as one piece is used on _____ engines.

A

SMALLER

54
Q

_____ are mechanically opened and closed to admit and exhaust the gases as needed.

A

VALVES

55
Q

The valves are located in the _____ of the engine.

A

HEAD CASTING

56
Q

It is the point at which the valve seals against the head

A

VALVE SEAT

57
Q

A _____ is a long bar with egg-shaped eccentric lobes, one lobe for each valve and fuel injector.

A

CAMSHAFT

58
Q

T or F. For a diesel engine to operate, all of its components must perform their functions at very precise intervals in relation to the motion of piston. Therefore, a crankshaft is used.

A

FALSE

CAMSHAFT

59
Q

As the camshaft is rotated, the _____ is forced up and down as it follows the profile of the cam lobe.

A

FOLLOWER

60
Q

The followers are connected to the engine’s valves and fuel injectors through various types of linkages called _____ and _____.

A

PUSHRODS & ROCKER ARMS

61
Q

The _____ transfer the reciprocating motion generated by the camshaft lobes to the valves and injectors, opening and closing them as needed.

A

PUSHRODS & ROCKER ARMS

62
Q

Because an engine experiences fairly large changes in temperature, its components must be designed to allow for _____.

A

THERMAL EXPANSION

63
Q

_____ is the term given to the “slop” or “give” in the valve train before the cam actually starts to open the valve.

A

VALVE LASH

64
Q

The camshaft is driven by the engine’s crankshaft through a series of gears called _____.

A

IDLER GEARS AND TIMING GEARS

65
Q

T or F. To increase the flexibility in timing the valve opening, valve closing, and injection of fuel, and to increase power or to reduce cost, and engine may only have one camshaft.

A

FALSE

ONE OR MORE

66
Q

T or F. In the larger engines, the intake valves, exhaust valves, and fuel injectors may share a common camshaft or have independent camshafts.

A

TRUE

67
Q

This major component compresses the incoming fresh air for delivery to the cylinders for combustion, and is part of the air intake system.

A

BLOWER

68
Q

(5) Diesel Engine Support Systems

A
  1. Cooling
  2. Lubricating
  3. Fuel Injection
  4. Air Intake
  5. Air Exhaust
69
Q

(4) Major Components of a Cooling System

A
  1. Water Pump
  2. Radiator or Heat Exchanger
  3. Water Jacket
  4. Thermostat
70
Q

(2) Purposes of Engine Lubrication

A
  1. To lubricate the bearing surfaces
  2. To cool the bearings by absorbing the friction-generated heat
71
Q

Oil is accumulated and stored in the _____ where one or more oil pumps take a suction and pump the oil through one or more oil filters.

A

ENGINE’S OIL PAN

72
Q

The _____ clean the oil and remove any metal that the oil has picked up due to wear. The cleaned oil then flows up into the _____.

A

FILTERS, ENGINE’S OIL GALLERIES

73
Q

A _____ maintains oil pressure in the galleries and returns oil pan upon high pressure.

A

PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE(S)

74
Q

T or F. In small engines, the oil is cooled before being distributed into the block. This is accomplished by either an internal or external oil cooler.

A

FALSE

MEDIUM TO LARGE

75
Q

T or F. Because diesel engines rely on injectors which are precision components with extremely tight tolerances and very small injection hole(s), the fuel delivered to the engine must be extremely clean and free of contaminants.

A

TRUE

76
Q

(2) Purposes of a Fuel System

A
  1. To supply the fuel to run the engine
  2. To act as a coolant to the injectors
77
Q

Because a diesel engine requires close tolerances to achieve its compression ratio, and because most diesel engines are either turbocharged or supercharged, the air entering must be _____, _____, and _____.

A

CLEAN, FREE OF DEBRIS, AS COOL AS POSSIBLE

78
Q

(2) Types of Air Intake System

A

WET OR DRY

79
Q

In a _____, the air is sucked or bobbled through a housing that holds a bath of oil such that the dirt in the air is removed by the oil in the filter. The air then flows through a screen-type material to ensure any entrained oil is removed from the air.

A

WET FILTER INTAKE SYSTEM

80
Q

In a _____, paper, cloth, or a metal screen material is used to catch and trap dirt before it enters the engine (similar to the type used in automobile engines).

A

DRY FILTER SYSTEM

81
Q

Aside from cleaning the air, the intake system is usually designed to _____ from as far away from the engine as practicable, usually just outside of the engine’s building or enclosure.

A

INTAKE FRESH AIR

82
Q

T or F. The reason for ensuring that an engine’s air supply is as cool as possible is that cool air is less dense than hot air.

A

FALSE

MORE

83
Q

T or F. Cool air provides more oxygen per cylinder change than less dense, hot air. Therefore, more oxygen means a more efficient fuel burn and more power.

A

TRUE

84
Q

It is the component that directs the fresh air to each of the engine’s intake valves or ports.

A

MANIFOLD OR AIR BOX

85
Q

(2) Types of Air Intake System

A
  1. Turbocharging
  2. Supercharging
86
Q

If the engine is turbocharged or supercharged, the fresh air will be compressed with a _____ and possibly _____ before entering the intake manifold or air box.

A

BLOWER, COOLED

87
Q

_____ an engine occurs when an engine’s own exhaust gases are forced through a turbine (impeller), which rotates and is connected to a second impeller located in the fresh air intake system.

A

TURBOCHARGING

88
Q

(2) Functions of compressed air

A
  1. Increase the engine’s available power
  2. Increase intake pressure
89
Q

T or F. Turbocharging is commonly founds on high power four-stroke engines.

A

TRUE

90
Q

This type of air intake system performs the same function as turbocharging an engine. The only difference is the source of power used to drive the device that compresses the incoming fresh air.

A

SUPERCHARGING

91
Q

In a supercharged engine, the air is commonly compressed in a device called a _____.

A

BLOWER

92
Q

T or F. Supercharging is more commonly found on four-stroke engines where the higher pressures that a supercharger is capable of generating are needed.

A

TWO-STROKE

93
Q

(3) Functions of a Diesel Engine Exhaust System

A
  1. The exhaust system routes the spend combustion gases away from the engine, where they are diluted by the atmosphere.
  2. The exhaust system confines and routes the gases to the turbocharger, if used.
  3. The exhaust system allows mufflers to be used to reduce the engine noise.
94
Q

_____ are terms used to define the size of an engine.

A

BORE AND STROKE

95
Q

It refers to the diameter of the engine’s cylinder.

A

BORE

96
Q

It refers to the distance the piston travels from the top of the cylinder to the bottom.

A

STROKE

97
Q

This is the highest point of travel by the piston

A

TOP DEAD CENTER (TDC)

98
Q

The lowest point of travel is called _____.

A

BOTTOM DEAD CENTER (BDC)

99
Q

There are _____ of travel between TDC and BDC, or one stroke.

A

180 degrees

100
Q

_____ refers to the total volume displaced by all the pistons during one stroke. This is usually given in cubic inches or liters.

A

DISPLACEMENT

101
Q

Because the piston is connected to the crankshaft, any _____ of the piston corresponds directly to a specific number of _____.

A

LOCATION, DEGREES OF CRANKSHAFT ROTATION

102
Q

It refers to the order in which each of the cylinder in the multicylinder engine fires (power stroke).

A

FIRING ORDER

103
Q

It is the volume remaining in the cylinder when the piston is at TDC.

A

CLEARANCE VOLUME

104
Q

T or F. Because of the irregular shape of the combustion chamber the clearance volume is calculated empirically by filling the chamber with a measured amount of fluid while the piston is at TDC. This volume is then added to the displacement volume in the cylinder to obtain the cylinders total volume.

A

TRUE

105
Q

An engine’s _____ is determined by taking the volume of the cylinder with piston at TDC and dividing the volume of the cylinder when the piston is at BDC.

A

COMPRESSION RATIO

106
Q

_____ is the power transmitted to the pistons by the gas in the cylinders and is mathematically calculated.

A

INDICATED HORSEPOWER

107
Q

_____ refers to the amount of usable power delivered by the engine to the crankshaft.

A

BRAKE HORSEPOWER

108
Q

T or F. Indicated horsepower can be as much as 25% higher than brake horsepower.

A

FALSE

15%

109
Q

It is the ratio of an engine’s brake horsepower and its indicated horsepower.

A

MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY

110
Q

T or F. The mechanical efficiency of a four-cycle diesel is about 82 to 90 percent.

A

TRUE

111
Q

_____ is a measure of the engine’s ability to apply the power it is generating.

A

TORQUE

112
Q

Fuel Rate

A

amount of fuel / power (kg/kW-h)

113
Q

Heat Rate

A

energy chargeable / power (kJ/kW-h)

114
Q

Thermal Efficiency

A

power / energy chargeable

115
Q

Engine Efficiency

A

actual power / ideal power

MECH SCIENCE (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions