Diencephalon Flashcards
What are the 4 main areas of the Diencephalon?
thalamus,
hypothalamus,
epithalamus,
subthalamus
Of the thalamus, what is the region that separates the thalamus from other regions?
external medullary lamina
Of the thalamus - what is the pathway for visual information?
Retina - optic chiasm - lateral geniculate body - cortex
Of the thalamus - what is the pathway for auditory information?
auditory info - medial geniculate body - cortex
Of the thalamus - what is the pathway for emotional memory information?
mamillary body (hypothalamus) - anterior area of thalamus - cingulate cortex - hippocampus
Between the thalamus and cortex, is information sent ipsilaterally or contralaterally?
ipsilaterally, b/c whatever needed to decussate did it beforehand
Of the thalamus - which nucleus receives acoustic fibers from the lateral lemniscus and inferior colliculus; projects fibers via the acoustic radiation to the temporal (auditory) cortex?
Medial geniculate nucleus
Of the thalamus - which nucleus receives fibers of the optic tract; projects to the visual cortex?
Lateral geniculate nucleus
In the thalamus, what regions are associated with sensory information?
LGN, MGN, VPL, VPM
In the thalamus, what regions are associated with motor info?
VA, VL
In the thalamus, what regions are associated with limbic info?
anterior, dorsomedial
What are the 3 portions of the hypothalamus?
Supraoptic portion
Tuberal portion
Mammillary portion
Afferent inputs FROM the cortex TO the hypothalamus mostly come from [which 2 brain regions]?
And are these indirect or direct?
PFC and ACC;
indirect - they synapse first in the thalamus
Afferent inputs FROM limbic structures TO hypothalamus are which 3 brain regions? And are these indirect or direct?
Hippocampus, amygdala, and septal area
Direct
What is the main region associated with efferent pathway, FROM the hypothalamus inputs GOING TO other regions?
What circuit and what memory this linked w?
mamillary body;
Papez; short term memory
Hypothalamus and the pituitary gland -
does the posterior pituitary release hormones indirectly or directly?
Direct
Hypothalamus and the pituitary gland - does the anterior pituitary release hormones indirectly or directly?
Indirect
What is the Subthalamus most linked w/ - modality?
motor
What are common clinical disorders w/ sub thalamus?
PD and epilepsy
What are the 2 parts of the Epithalamus?
habenula
pineal body
When BG and limbic system send info TO epithalamus, then sends inhibitor info to dopamine and serotonin related areas,
what does Habenula do?
inhibits them
If habenula provides excitation, then DA neurons are [inhibited or not inhibited], leading us NOT to perform a bx again
inhibited
If habenula does not provide excitation, then DA neurons are [inhibited or not inhibited], leading us TO to perform a bx again
not inhibited
Which area of the thalamus relays sensory input from the BODY?
VPL
