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Pediatrics_JD > DIDACTICPeds 101 Cards > Flashcards

DIDACTICPeds 101 Cards Flashcards

1
Q

TORCH

A 
toxoplasmosis
other (syphilis, zika, parvovirus B19)
rubella
CMV
HSV

acquired in utero in vaginal canal

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2
Q

hallmark sign of toxoplasmosis

A

CNS involvement

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3
Q

three most common CNS s/s seen in baby with toxoplasmosis

A

chorioretinitis (inflammation of choroid and retina)
intracranial calcifications
hydrocephalus

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4
Q

when does treatment for toxoplasmosis occur?

A

prenatally and w/in 1-2 months

to decrease neurologic deficits

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5
Q

syphilis pathogen

A

Treponema pallidum

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6
Q

pediatric WNL temperatures

A

96 - 100 F

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7
Q

pediatric fever

A

100.4 F +

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8
Q

when do symptoms appear for newborns with syphilis?

A

can take weeks (3-14) to months to years (5)

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9
Q

serious complications of prenatal and neonatal syphilis

A 
stillbirth,
death shortly after birth, 
miscarriage, 
low birth wt, 
prematurity
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10
Q

most common early symptoms of syphilis

A

fever
low birth weight
skin problems (rash, sloughing of palms/soles)

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11
Q

most common late symptoms of syphilis (late = after age 5)

A

Hutchinson’s triad =

1) Hutchinson teeth - pegshaped upper incisors
2) Intersititial keratitis - blurred vision, tearing, eye pain
3) Sensorineural Defense - 8th CN deafness

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12
Q

syphilis treatment

A

penicillin

“PCN is curative!”

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13
Q

key finding of Zika

A

microcephaly

skull collapsing, brain damage

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14
Q

which trimester results in the most serious complications for rubella infection?

A

first trimester

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15
Q

most common single symptom of rubella?

A

hearing impairment

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16
Q

four key symptoms of prenatal rubella

A

cataracts
congenital heart disease (PDA or peripheral pulm art stenosis)
purpura (blueberry muffin skin lesions)
microcephaly

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17
Q

treatment of rubella

A

“treatment is PREVENTION”

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18
Q

what is the most common congenital viral infection?

A

CMV

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19
Q

most common symptom of CMV

A

sensorineural hearing loss

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20
Q

treatment of CMV

A

prevention

antivirals, for weeks, inpatient

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21
Q

when is HSV most commonly acquired?

A

during birthing process

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22
Q

what are the three types of congenital HSV?

A

SEM (Skin Eyes Mouth)
CNS Disease
Disseminated disease (multiple organ involvement)

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23
Q

treatment of HSV?

A

antivirals and supportive care

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24
Q

what happens if HSV is left untreated?

A

it’s fatal

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25
Q

name three causes for pediatric sore throat discussed by Ms. Schulte in Peds 101

A

Strep pharyngitis
Acute Rheumatic Fever
Kawasaki Disease

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26
Q

Strep Pharyngitis common s/s

A 
"beefy red" palate
petechiae
exudates
fever > 100.4
lymphadenopathy
worsens quickly
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27
Q

Strep Pharyngitis can develop into

A

Scarlet Fever

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28
Q

s/s of Strep Pharyngitis-Scarlet Fever

A

scarlitina rash (sandpaper) in skin folds and spreads
fever
strawberry tongue

29
Q

treatment of Strep Pharyngitis

A

amoxicilin - 10 days

if pt has PCN allergy, give cephalosporin, azithromycin

if secondary otitis occurs, bump amox to higher dosage

30
Q

what develops if strep pharyngitis isn’t treated?

A

acute rheumatic fever

PANDAS

31
Q

PANDAS

A 
pediatric
autoimmune
neuropsychiatric
disorders 
associated with
streptococcus
32
Q

what are common features of PANDAS?

A

sudden, severe personality and behavior changes
~4-6 weeks after infection
usually ages 3-12 yrs

33
Q

treatment of PANDAS

A

Treatment of initial Strep infection is key to prevention!

34
Q

tool for diagnosing acute rheumatic fever

A

Jones Criteria

35
Q

what is Jones Criteria?

A

JONES
joints (they hurt)
carditis (new heart murmur)
nodules (firm, painless bumps found over joint extensor surfaces)
erythema marginatum (macular lesions on trunk and proximal extremities)
Sydenham chorea (wierd dancing movements)

36
Q

treatment of acute rheumatic fever

A

Treatment is multidisciplinary – refer to cardiology, rheumatology, and infectious disease

37
Q

what is Kawasaki Disease?

A

aka Mucotaneous Lymphnode Syndrome

A systemic, inflammatory febrile illness that affects medium sized arteries (particularly coronary arteries)

38
Q

treatment of Kawasaki Disease

A

Treatment is URGENT -immune globulin (IVIG) and aspirin

39
Q

s/s of Kawasaki Disease

A

Clinical manifestations:

Fever > 5+ days
Conjunctivitis
Mucositis
Rash
Cardiovascular
Swelling of hands and feet
40
Q

torticollis presents _____ (around what age)

A

Usually presents around 2-4 weeks old, worsens gradually

41
Q

first line therapy for torticollis

A

gentle guided neck stretches by parent and tummy time to strengthen neck muscles

limit time in car seat, swing, stroller

42
Q

what is encopresis?

A

diarrhea leaking around a hard stool blockage

43
Q

define constipation

A

Constipation = infrequent, painful, difficult, and/or incomplete evacuation of hardstool

44
Q

what charts do we use to dx constipation?

A

Diagnositic tools – Bristol Stool Chart and Rome III Criteria (2006)

45
Q

Rome III Dx Criteria: must include two or more of the following, for a child at least 4 years old (there are six):

A

Two or fewer defecations in the toilet perweek.

At least one episode of fecal incontinence perweek.

History of retentive posturing or excessivevolitional stoolretention.

History of painful or hard bowelmovements.

Presence of a large fecal mass in therectum.

History of large diameter stools that mayobstruct the toilet.

46
Q

treatment for constipation

A 
fecal disimpaction (intially)
miralax bomb
F/U:
behavior modification
daily maint w/ stool softeners (daily Miralax for ~3 months)
dietary mod
pt/family ed
47
Q

when to refer for constipation?

A

Refer to GI specialists if not improving, abnormal findings/responses, or recurrent or non-compliant patient/family

48
Q

what should never been used during teething?

A

numbing agents

49
Q

treatment for teething

A

cold teething ring
soft chew toys
tylenol (ibuprofen if >6 mo old)

50
Q

“period of purple crying”

A

This is a phrase used to describe a time in infant’s life when they cry the most (2 weeks- 3 months).

Peak of Crying
Unexpected
Resists Soothing
Pain-like face
Long lasting
Evening
51
Q

what improves colic?

A

Improves with increased body tone/strength to sit up

Improves with intro of solid foods

52
Q

what is colic?

A

An otherwise healthy 2-3 month old infant seems to be in pain, cries for > 3 hours a day, for > 3 days a week, for > 3 weeks

53
Q

colic treatment?

A

Must rule out other possible causes of excessive crying in an infant
(Corneal abrasion, UTI, trauma injuries, child abuse, parent/child interaction)

Keep child safely propped up for 15-30 minutes after every feed

Smaller feeds more frequently with effective burping

If projective vomiting after feeds with immediate hunger and weight loss —-> ultrasound for Pyloric Stenosis

54
Q

when/where to refer non-resolving colic

A

If not improving, can refer to Peds GI, social work, family psychology

55
Q

what is milia?

A

tiny white bumps on nose/cheeks/chin

56
Q

treatment of cradle cap?

A

Medical term = Seborrheic dermatitis

Supportive/conservative treatments:
Soft brush, baby oil, Aquaphor/Vaseline
Happy Cappy et al washes
Low potency corticosteroid daily for 1- 2 weeks max if severe

57
Q

if diaper rash is left untreated, what may develop?

A

If left untreated, can develop secondary yeast or bacterial infections

58
Q

if diaper rash persists after first line adjustments (drying, Aquaphor, zinc oxide pastes), what treatment is used?

A

If persists for > 3 days, likely to have secondary C. albincans (Nystatin)
If not improving, think bacterial, allergic, contact, eczema

59
Q

what causes Roseola?

A

Caused by Human Herpes Virus 6 (HHV-6)

60
Q

when is roseola most often seen? and with what age group?

A

Common < 3yrs old

Usually seen in Fall and Spring

61
Q

prodrome for Roseola?

A

Prodrome: 3-5 days of high fever (102+)

Fever often prompts office visit before rash is seen
Lethargy, irritability, vomiting/diarrhea

62
Q

evolution pattern of Roseola?

A

as fever resolves, rash starts

Pink maculopapular rash
Trunk, then face, neck, andext
Lasts 1-2 days
NOT itchy or painful – bothers caregivers to see it but not child to have it!

63
Q

treatment of Roseola?

A

Does not require antiviral therapy – all supportive

Family/patient education
Tylenol PRN
Keep skin cool and dry, hypoallergenic lotions or calamine if needed to soothe

64
Q

“slapped cheek” rash that fades as

LACY ERYTHEMATOUS trunk rash develops

A

Erythema Infectiosum = Fifth Disease (caused by Parvovirus B19)

65
Q

treatment of Fifth Disease

A

Does not require antiviral therapy – all supportive

Family/patient education
Tylenol PRN
Keep skin cool and dry, hypoallergenic lotions or calamine if needed to soothe

66
Q

who are high risk groups for Fifth Disease?

A 
pregnant women (fetal death) 
sickle cell 
or immune deficiencies (severe acute anemia)
67
Q

herald patch

Christmas Tree pattern

A

Pityriasis Rosea

might be caused by HSV, but we’re not sure

68
Q

common features of Pityriasis Rosea

A

Lasts 4-8 weeks
Usually itchy especially with heat/cold

Common older children, teenagers, young adults (75% are 10 – 35 yrs old)

69
Q

treatment of Pityriasis Rosea?

A

Self-limited after 1-2 months, no specific treatment suggested

Family/patient education
Tylenol/Ibuprofen PRN
Keep skin cool and dry, hypoallergenic lotions or calamine if needed to soothe
UV therapy

Pediatrics_JD (4 decks)

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