Did medicine 'stand still' during the Middle Ages and Renaissance? Flashcards
How many hospitals did the Christian church build in England between 1000 and 1500?
700
True or false: in the Middle Ages people started to believe in astrological reasons for illness?
True.
What was John of Aderne famous for?
Being a fantastic English surgeon, the manual of surgery he wrote called ‘Practica,’ using opium and henbane to dull pain in surgery and forming the Guild of Surgeons in London in 1368.
When did Louis Pasteur publish Germ Theory?
1861
Which theme is John Hunter connected to?
Surgery and Anatomy.
What important anatomical discovery did Herophilus make at Alexandria?
The brain controls the body.
Did Vesalius set out to prove Galen wrong?
No. He read Galen’s works carefully but started to notice that what he was reading and what he was seeing during dissections did not match. That was when he realised that a lot of Galen’s anatomical facts were based on animal dissection and therefore wrong.
What are the years of the Dark Ages?
500-1400 AD
How did the factor chance help Pare?
It was by chance that he ran out of boiling oil.
What name is given to the type of doctor who performs operations?
Surgeon
What was the natural explanation of disease in the pre-historic period?
There wasn’t one
What are the years of the Renaissance?
1400-1750
What is disease and infection the story of?
The story of what people throughout History believed made them unwell and how they tried to treat illnesses.
What are the three themes comprising the History of Medicine?
Disease and infection, surgery and anatomy, public health.
In a Christian church hospital of the Middle Ages, who would treat your illness?
Nobody. Christians believed God would cure you, they only made you comfortable and prayed for you.
What was the book published by Vesalius called?
The Fabric of the Human Body.
How did astrology impact medicine in the Middle Ages?
People started to think that the movement of the stars and the planets could explain illness or give the best time to conduct an operation.
What was Pare’s alternative to cauterising?
Tying blood vessels up with ligatures.
Define supernatural explanations of disease.
Explanations based on beliefs rather than anything physical.
In what year and period did the Black Death arrive in England?
1348 - Dark Ages
What is an epidemic?
A disease which spreads widely, harms/kills lots of people and is very difficult to stop.
Why is John Hunter famous in the History of medicine?
He was a famous army surgeon and later surgeon to King George III, he published helpful books such as ‘On venereal disease’ which he researched by operating on himself, he proved that gonorrhea ad syphilis were different diseases, he had a collection of 3000 preserved specimens including an Irish giant.
What would a doctor find that was useful in the Canon of Medicine by Avicenna?
The medical properties of 760 different drugs and chapters on medical problems such as anorexia and obesity.
What sort of pictures would you have found in Vesalius’ book?
Detailed drawings of the human body.
Why was Galen so popular with the Christian church?
He taught his students that the human body fitted together in a well designed whole. This suggested that a greater being (God) had designed the human body. That’s why Christians liked him.
When was Guy’s hospital founded and what was different about it?
- Different because founded by a local businessman, Thomas Guy, and not the Christian church.
What was wound man?
A diagram used to instruct surgeons in the Middle Ages how to treat various battlefield injuries.
How were Galen’s dissection operations limited?
They were often conducted on animals not people.
What is a fun and memorable poem for remembering the first letter of each of the time periods (in the right order)?
People Eat Green Rolos During Rows In Turkey
What did Harvey develop to help him prove how blood circulated around the body?
Think rods that could be pushed into veins to prove the direction of blood flow.
What idea of Galen’s did Harvey prove wrong?
That blood was made in the liver to replace that which was burnt up by the body.
What are the factors we use in the History of Medicine?
Religion, Chance, War, Individuals, Science & Technology , Communications.
Define natural explanations of disease.
Explanations based on physical evidence, observation and scientific deduction (even if the science is wrong).
What did Vesalius prove about the human heart that showed Galen was wrong?
That blood did not pass through the septum, it moved in a different way.
What is public health the story of?
The story of what the government in any time period did to improve the health of its people.
Who would you go to for treatment in Pre-historic times.
The medicine man or shaman.
What invention of 1451 was as important to communications as the internet in modern times?
The printing press.
What was the Christian attitude to dissection in the Middle Ages?
It was not allowed at first. Later, it was allowed in medical schools but under strictly controlled conditions.
When was John of Aderne around?
In the Middle AGes.
Why did some people in England during the Renaissance believe that being touched by the King would heal them?
Because he was supposed to represent God.
What did Rhazes achieve?
The first accurate descriptions of measles and smallpox.
True/false: people understood disease better than they had done in 1348 when the Great Plague returned in 1665?
False
What was cauterising?
Sealing a wound and stopping it from bleeding by busing red hot iron.
How did Harvey use vivisection on animals to prove his theories?
He dissected live, cold blooded animals whose hearts beat very slowly. This meant that he could see the movements of each muscle in the heart.
When was the printing press invented?
1451.
What is surgery and anatomy the story of?
The story of people’s knowledge through History of the human body plus how operations have changed and improved over time.
In what year was the ‘Great stink’ in London?
1858
What medical options were available to unwell people during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance?
Barber-surgeons, Apothecaries, Wise-women, Quacks.
What famous book did Avicenna write?
The Canon of Medicine
In what year and period did William Harvey prove the circulation of the blood?
1628- Renaissance
Why might someone trying to avoid the Black Death sit in a sewer?
Because the smell there would be worse than the bad smells that they thought would bring the Black Death.
