Dictionary Deck 1 Flashcards
externalize
dışa vurmak, haricileştirmek, cismanileştirmek
to attribute to outside causes.
–
It has been seen that people, who aren’t able to reach out to the mainstream media, externalize their thoughts
dictum
The famous dictum “Every man is the architect of his own fortune” is attributed to him.
point at - point out
Aleida Assmann (2011) has pointed at the fact that cultural memory is defined by the kind of media available in a society at a given point in time. Paraphrasing
indexical
endeksli - dayanan
It cannot be used to distinguish between levels of realism found in indexical media like film.
I will argue that documentary films and essay films require special attention due to their alleged indexical relation to ‘reality’
epitomize
örneklemek
to be a perfect example of a quality or type of thing:
To really epitomize a movie star, you’ve got to focus on the accessories.
wield
kullanmak, (elinde ) kullanmak
to hold a weapon or tool and look as if you are going to use it
- She was confronted by a man wielding a knife.
- All discipline officers were permitted to wield the whip summarily and without the slightest check.
incorporate
içermek, bünyesinde barındırmak
Such an understanding of a photographic image incorporating a “trace of a wordless power” (Tagg1988, 64) has had repercussions on the work of museums or memorial sites
repercussion
yankı, tepki
The new law had repercussions on French society.
entitle
hak etmek - hak kazanmak -
- His brilliant researches in the theory of numbers entitle him to rank as the founder of the modern theory.
- You are entitled to know of anything that threatens you.
- Howie is entitled his time away from here too.
entangle
karıştırmak, dolaştırmak - entangled - çapraşık-karmaşık
to cause something to become caught in something such as a net or ropes:
The dolphin had become entangled in/with the fishing nets.
We have to regard documentary images not as exact copies of ‘reality’, but as representations and thus as constructs which are the result of entangled discourses, of iconographic traditions, narrative formula and specific media technologies and their dispositifs.
prerogative
imtiyaz, ayrıcalık
something that certain people are able or allowed to do or have, but is not possible or allowed for everyone:
Who has the prerogative of interpretation over these images?
It is the prerogative of national governments.
They gave prerogative powers in exchange for money to fight the war against France.
It was the prerogative of the harlot throughout the ages.
complicate
çetrefilleştirmek, dallandırmak
to make something more difficult to deal with, do, or understand.
While digital media has been celebrated for its democratic capacity (Garde-Hansen 2011), this study aims at complicating the notion of memory communities and transcultural memory.
Digital media complicate copyright issues in many ways
per se
Research shows that it is not divorce per se that harms children, but the continuing conflict between parents.
.
Likewise “history from below” is not emancipatory per se, nor does the use of oral history or testimonial witnesses automatically imply a polyphony of voices, allowing different (and differing) experiences to be represented
Likewise
aynı şekilde
oscillate
Dalgalanmak, Salınmak
to move repeatedly from one position to another:
The overall approach of this study oscillates between the understanding of documentary filmmaking as an intervention into the audiovisual archive.
articulate
able to express thoughts and feelings easily and clearly, or showing this quality:
an intelligent and highly articulate young woman
She gave a witty, entertaining, and articulate speech.
There are two types of tissue: non-articulate and articulate.
Jess was very articulate with her presentation, giving her a good grade on the assignment.
The illness hindered his ability to articulate well.
Powell also thinks that man lived in America before he acquired articulate speech.
Anxiety makes it much harder for a person to articulate their thoughts.
transgress
sınırı geçmek, ihlal etmek
to break a law or moral rule:
Those are the rules, and anyone who transgresses will be severely punished.
Satellite photos can uncover those who would transgress the rules.
entail
yol açmak, gerektirmek, istemek
to make something necessary, or to involve something:
The notion of the audiovisual archive also entails a diachronic dimension, including past representations, such as stereotypes, which continue to shape the way images are decoded
Such a decision would entail a huge political risk.
reminiscent
hatırlatıcı, anımsatıcı
making you remember a particular person, event, or thing:
- That song is so reminiscent of my adolescence.
- His style of painting is reminiscent of Da Vinci’s.
- The old man was reminiscent.
- The decor was reminiscent of a municipal arts-and-leisure centre.
- Geranium oil has a sweet fragrance reminiscent of roses.
abolish
hükümsüz kılmak
to end an activity or custom officially:
I think bullfighting should be abolished.
National Service was abolished in the UK in 1962.
1. Many teachers wish to abolish the cane.
2. Some MPs want to abolish the tax altogether.
3. The government is planning to abolish subsidies to farmers.
4. Do abolish this kind of bad evil.
in conjunction
bir arada
in conjunction
According to Levy and Sznaider, the concept tends to perceive nation and territory in conjunction.
essentialize
özselleştirmek
-characterize (a quality or trait) as fundamental or intrinsic to a particular type of person or thing. “this approach is controversial because it could essentialize the ‘peaceful’ nature of women”
People essentialize ethnic groups (Jews, Irish, Italians, WASPs) and personality types (shy people, smart people), for example?
ambiguous
belirsiz, muğlak
1 This agreement is very ambiguous and open to various interpretations.
2 He gave me an ambiguous answer.
exclusion
dışarıda tutma
the act of not allowing someone or something to take part in an activity or to enter a place:
For[minorities], archives are sites of exclusion, a manifestation of the minority’s irrelevance to their nation’s history, rather than taken-for-granted containers of established history.” (El-Tayeb2005,1)
- Armed forces have set up an exclusion zone around the island.
- His exclusion from the club hurt him very much.
- He spent his spare time gardening, to the exclusion of all other interests.
a point of departure
kalkış noktası
- Let’s take’Das Kapital’as a point of departure for our survey of Marxism.
- Taking as a point of departure Michel Foucault’s (1982, 44) definition of the archive as a system of both control and of enunciation, our understanding of the archive can also be expanded from that of a building housing textual documents to that of the visual archive, housing images of the past that continue to exert an influence in the present.
- Canonic types served as a point of departure.
- Some linguists believed that a sentence contains a point of departure and a goal of discourse.
pervade
invade, istila etmek
- The film movie is a reflection of the violence that pervades our culture.
(1) The images that pervade your mind affect the way you feel as well as the way your body behaves physiologically.
(6) Science and technology have come to pervade every aspect of our lives.
(7) Nano technology will soon pervade the world.
discursivity
söylemsellik
1. Derrida, as I said, believes in a kind of seamless web of discourse or discursivity. We are awash in discourse.
awash
suyla örtülü, dalgalarla yıkanmış
- By the time I discovered the problem, the floor was awash.
- Bjergand Lenz (2008) highlight the discursivity of cultural practice, while characterising discourse as something which “defines and produces the objects of our knowledge.
conduct
davranış
- It also influences how ideas are put into practice and used to regulate the conduct of others.
(2) Your conduct is not consistent with what you say.
(3) He dare not tell us his evil conduct.
(4) The prisoner was released early because of good conduct.
binarism
ikicilik
DI/VISIONS examines the cultural and political binarisms that are characteristic of the prevailing views on the region.
agency
aracılık
Filmmaking can be a means for minoritised persons to gain agency.
disenfranchised
Disenfranchised groups use film as a way to counter their exclusion from hegemonic historiography.
in flux
değişmekte
- Islam in Germany is in flux, and the younger generation, which has grown up in Germany, is playing an important role in this process.
- Social and economic conditions are in flux.
do justice (to)
adalet dağıtmak, hakkını vermek
Germany’s official memory about the Holocaust does more justice to the victims
- You should do justice to everyone.
- She didn’t really do justice to herself in the interview.
- The review did not do justice to her talents.
- No words can do justice to the experience.
amnesia
bellek yitimi
- Role evolves into a speech to the amnesia.
- In his later life he suffered periods of amnesia.
- Amnesia can be caused by emotional trauma.
- Conveniently, he had developed amnesia about that part of his life.
- ‘Could he be suffering from amnesia?’ I suggested.
- It is sad that many people have got amnesia when they come out from disasters.
denial
reddetme, inkar
- Better a frank denial than unwilling compliance.
- Death when it comes will have no denial.
- Delay is the deadliest form of denial.
- The government issued an official denial of the rumour.
- The newspaper printed a denial of the untrue story.
- The terrorists issued a denial of responsibility for the attack.
dichotomy
ikilik
- There is a dichotomy between the academic world and the industrial world.
- There is often a dichotomy between what politicians say and what they do.
- The dichotomy between private and public sector is not so clear cut as it may appear.
- Is there really a dichotomy of interests between the two?
flesh out
ayrıntılı hale getirmek
- In order to flesh out the flaws and limitations created by such a dichotomous theorization, this study critically examines the idea of alternative media practice.
- You need to flesh out the bones of your idea a bit more.
- Examples were used to flesh out the skeleton of the argument.
- They must be prepared to flesh out their strategy with some details.
- You need to flesh out your argument with a few more examples.
- Nobody bothered to flesh out the story with others.
- One ripped a piece of flesh out from my armpit.
strain
gerginlik, yapı, kuvvet
a force or influence that stretches, pulls, or puts pressure on something, sometimes causing damage:
Randolph Starn (1989,2) define counter-memory as “the residual or resistant strains that withstand official versions of historical continuity”
perpetuate
idame etmek, devam ettirmek
to cause something to continue:
Increasing the supply of weapons will only perpetuate the violence and anarchy.
The aim of the association is to perpetuate the skills of traditional furniture design.
1. We must not perpetuate the religious divisions of the past.
2. These measures will perpetuate the hostility between the two groups.
3. Schools tend to perpetuate the myth that boys are better at sport than girls.
4. We should perpetuate the rare species.
5. They decided to perpetuate the memory of their leader by erecting a statue.
ambivalence
kararsızlık
- The document expressed some ambivalence over the doctrine of predestination.
- She felt a certain ambivalence towards him.
- Many people feel some ambivalence towards television and its effect on our lives.
- She viewed her daughter’s education with ambivalence
- There was ambivalence among church members about women becoming priests.
- I’ve never lied about my feelings, including my ambivalence about getting married again.
delegate
görevlendirmek, yetkilendirmek
“Identity politics […]suggest that people belong to recognizable social groups, and that delegated representatives can speak on their behalf.” (Shohat and Stam 1994,343)
1. They decided not to send a delegate to the conference.
2. Horton’s Achilles heel was that he could not delegate.
3. He plans to delegate more authority to his deputies.
4. The people delegate their power to the Congress.
5. The delegate moved for a reconsideration of the suggestion.
6. Many employers find it hard to delegate.
7. Some managers find it difficult to delegate.
reactionary
gerici, aşırı sağcı
a person who is opposed to political or social change or new ideas:
Reactionaries are preventing reforms.
- The reactionary government tried vainly to take the steam out of the protest movement.
- The reactionary officer then ordered him arrested.
- Reactionary forces/elements in the industry are preventing its progress towards greater efficiency..
concede
kabul etmek zorunda kalmak, kabullenmek
1 I had to concede the logic of this.
2 The organisers of the demonstration concede that they hadn’t sought permission for it.
3 I was forced to concede that she might be right.
4 I created you concede the fact that I do not have to love again perfunctory explanation.
5 The president is not expected to concede these reforms.
6 He was forced to concede there might be difficulties.
deploy
uygulamak, yerleştirmek, konuşlanmak
4 My job doesn’t really allow me fully to deploy my skills/talents.
9 What specific approaches will you use to deploy help and reinforcement just in time?
lapse into
bürünmek
to start speaking or behaving in a less active or acceptable way:
No one could think of anything more to say, and the meeting lapsed into silence.
invoke
yardım istemek, hatırlatmak
to use a law in order to achieve something, or to mention something in order to explain something or to support your opinion or action:
Police can invoke the law to regulate access to these places.
to request help from someone, especially a god, when you want to improve a situation:
Their sacred dance is performed to invoke ancient gods.
(1) Police can invoke the law of trespass to regulate access to these places.
(2) The UN threatened to invoke economic sanctions if the talks were broken off.
(3) Their sacred dance is performed to invoke ancient gods.
(4) This command will invoke the HELP system.
institute
tayin etmek, atamak
14, The government intends to institute court action against the firm which has disobeyed the wage controls.
considerations
düşünceler
- Such considerations are secondary to our main aim of improving efficiency.
- Considerations of safety override all other concerns.
- Three considerations argue against increasing fee.
- There are different considerations, often pulling in different directions.
- Political considerations do come into play when making policy.
mouthpiece
sözcü, zıvana
(4) The newspaper is the mouthpiece of the government.
(9) This newspaper is just a Republican mouthpiece.
(11) The newspaper has become the official mouthpiece of the opposition party.
connote
demeye gelmek, ifade etmek
- The word “ food “ may connote “ greed “.
- Very soon ‘Third World’ came to connote poverty.
- The car’s name is meant to connote luxury and quality.
propagate
yaymak, üremek, üretmek
Barthes and Foucault propagated the death of the subject, alternatively the author
- insects propagate themselves by means of eggs.
- The group launched a website to propagate its ideas .
- Plants won’t propagate in these conditions.
- Missionaries went far afield to propagate their faith.
- These plants are easy to propagate from leaf cuttings.
proclaim
açığa vurmak, duyurmak
- His manners proclaim him a scholar.
- His classic boyish looks seemed to proclaim his good humour and openness.
- In a ceremony today, state officials will proclaim Nevada 375 the Extraterrestrial Highway.
- Should not worship set forth the gospel and proclaim the faith of the Church?
- Colourful brochures and posters proclaim bargain weekends, mini breaks, etc.
pose
tavır takınmak, ortaya çıkarmak/koymak
Ella Shohat and Robert Stam pose the relevant question: “How, then, should the struggle to become subjects of history be articulated in an era of the ‘death of the subject’?”
Nuclear weapons pose a threat to everyone.
The mountain terrain poses particular problems for civil engineers.
sideline
gözden düşmek, dışlamak
The politics of representation have so far been sidelined in media memory studies
draw on
yararlanmak, kullanmak
I will draw on the theorisation on representation within BritishCultural Studies (Hall 1997)
- I’ll have to draw on my savings.
- She has 20 years’ teaching experience to draw on.
- They don’t want to draw on the fund unless they have to.
- We need to draw on the professional expertise of a large number of teachers.
- I had to draw on my savings to pay for the repairs.
- He had to draw on reserves of strength just to finish the race
inextricably
ayrılmaz bir şekilde / içinden çıkılamayacak şekilde
The discourses on digitisation as well as on the disappearance of the last generation of Holocaust survivors address a notion inextricably linked to remembrance: the notion of forgetting, which has been emphasized by Aleida Assmann (1999).
- Physical health is inextricably linked to mental health.
- The town’s prosperity is inextricably intertwined with the fortunes of the factory.
- For these people, land is inextricably interwoven with life itself.
fraction
kesim, bölüm, kısım
Only a fraction of the audiovisual heritage on analogue film stock has survived until now.
1 Fake designer watches are sold at a fraction of the price of the genuine article.
2 The car missed me by a fraction of an inch.
3 A mere fraction of available wind energy is currently utilized.
4 She hesitated for a fraction of a second before responding.
relegate
sürgün etmek, yerinden etmek
(1) Women tended to be relegated to typing and filing jobs.
(2) Some people believe that Communism has been relegated/consigned to the scrap heap of history.
(3) She resigned when she was relegated to a desk job.
(4) He has been relegated to the position of an assistant coach.
(5) I have been relegated to the role of a mere assistant.
solidify
pekiştirmek, kuvvetlendirmek
As Erll states, “remediation tends to solidify cultural memory, creating and stabilising certain narratives and icons of the past”
foreground
ön plana almak
I examine can all be said to create a new (visual) archive of memory which foregrounds the politics of exclusion
dialogic
diyalojik
theoretical foundation
teorik altyapı
My theoretical foundation has been (in)formed by
the insights of post-structuralism,post-colonialism, feminist and queer theories as well as Cultural Studies
impasse
kördüğüm, içinden çıkılmaz durum
1) The political process is at an impasse.
(2) Negotiations seemed to have reached an impasse.
(3) The negotiations had reached an impasse, with both sides refusing to compromise.
(4) The government had reached an impasse
credit
inanmak, itibar etmek
1, She credited herself with the discovery.
2, Bach is credited with performing the first solo on a piano.
3, Cook is credited with discovering Hawaii.
4, I had credited them with more integrity than they showed.
5, The shortage of rice was credited to lack of rain.
ambition
amaç, emel, hırs
My ambition goes beyond analysing the works of hitherto neglected film-producing nations. Instead, my objective is to challenge questions of liminality and marginality in those cinematographies which have been playing an essential role in debates on national cinemas (see
heuristic
keşifsel, bulgulayıcı
(3) The heuristic nature of this argument is explicitly recognized, but its dynamical consequences are of interest.
(5) A good heuristic function is a function f on states which tends to be large on nodes on paths to goals.
overlap
örtüşmek, üst üste binmek
These concepts overlap and contribute to each other.
historiography
tarih yazımı
- The historiography of Alexander is a complex mix of evolution through source, memory, speculation.
- At present the development of educational historiography meets a double crisis of inside and outside.
conflate
bir araya getirmek
1) The results of the two experiments were conflated.
2) Her letters conflate past and present.
4) Can these two definitions be conflated, or must they be kept separate?
carve out
oluşturmak, biçimlendirmek
to create or obtain something that helps you by skillful activities:
She carved out a reputation for herself as a high-powered lawyer.
2. The objective of this chapter is to look at remediation as a way to carveout discursive spaces which allow for a variety of subject positions.
premise
öncül, varsayım
I will outline the theoretical premises on which this study is based.
demarc
sınır koymak, limit çizmek - delimit
to show the limits of something:
- Parking spaces are demarcated by white lines.
- Responsibilities within the department are clearly demarcated.
- A special UN commission was formed to demarcate the border.
- The dashed lines demarcate the zone of dying cells.
shortcomings
eksiklik
- One of the major shortcomings of Welsch’s approach is the national (German) perspective dominating the choice of his (white and predominantly male-authored) sources.
insight
anlayış, kavrayış, içgörü
The insights of 1980s Black British Cultural Studies are completely ignored by Welsch.
regressive
geriye yönelik
- A regressive tax, like the poll tax, takes proportionately more of a poor person’s income.
- The policy has been condemned as a regressive step.
- This regressive behaviour is more common in boys.
- A regressive tax structure is one in which the average tax rate falls as income level rises.
particularistic
tikelci
- It should be particularistic and small scale and concerned with the immediate problems of a given institutional context.
- The particularistic continues to trump the universalistic.
- Chinese religion is particularistic.
subsequent
sonradan, sonraki
happening after something else:
- Those concerns were overshadowed by subsequent events.
- This will be discussed in subsequent chapters.
- The story will be continued in subsequent issues of the magazine.
- The book discusses his illness and subsequent resignation from the government.
- Memory can be profoundly shaped by subsequent experience
- The book discusses his illness and subsequent resignation from politics.
- Those explosions must have been subsequent to our departure, because we didn’t hear anything.
forfeit
ceza olarak kaybetmek, yoksun kalmak
1 If you cancel now I’m afraid you forfeit your deposit.
2 If you always tease others like that, you’ll forfeit the good opinion of your friends.
3 Passengers who cancel their reservations will forfeit their deposit.
4 He was ordered to forfeit more than ￡1.5m in profits.
5 Give me your watch as a forfeit.
6 The company’s property may even be forfeit.
7 If you cancel your flight, you will forfeit your deposit.
at best
taş çatlasa, en fazla
(1) The script was workmanlike at best.
(2) He is old and unpopular. Furthermore, he has at best only two years of political life ahead of him.
(3) The historical records of the period are, at best fragmentary.
