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music > Dictionary > Flashcards

Dictionary Flashcards

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1
Q

Ornamented/ornamentation

A

-notes that decorate a melody. They are shown by small notes (grace notes) immediately before the main note or above it. Eg. Mordent, trill, turn

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2
Q

Diatonic

A

-‘of the key’ notes belonging to the key of the piece

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3
Q

Monophonic

A

-‘one line of music’ refers to a musical texture consisting of a single line which can be sung or played by several people

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4
Q

Homophonic

A
  • a texture that consists of a melody part and an accompaniment
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5
Q

Polyphonic

A

-‘many sounds’ more than one melody sounding at the same time or entering at different times so they overlap.

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6
Q

Sequence

A

-the repetition of a musical phrase at a higher/lower pitch than the original

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7
Q

Pedal

A

-a sustained (held on) note, usually in the bass part. Usually they are on the tonic or dominant

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8
Q

Suspension

A

-holding a note to create a dissonance with the next chord

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9
Q

Affection

A

-the mood in a baroque movement

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10
Q

Concerto grosso

A

-‘large concerto’ or more than one soloist

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11
Q

Patronage

A

-a system whereby composers earned money by writing music for a wealthy individual

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12
Q

Dialoguing

A

-instruments in ‘dialogue’ playing one after another, swapping ideas

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13
Q

Antiphonal

A

-swapping between different musical groups (eg. concertino and ripieno)

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14
Q

Contertino

A

-the smaller group of soloists in a concerto grosso – here flute, violin and harpsichord

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15
Q

Ripieno

A

-the larger group – here the full orchestra

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16
Q

Basso continuo

A

-‘continuous bass’ – played by the cello and the harpsichord. The players add chords and melody

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17
Q

Figured bass

A

-the harpsichord player ‘realises’ the figured bass. The bass part is annotated with musical shorthand indicating the chord to be played above the note

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18
Q

Fugue

A

-a musical form consisting of an exposition, middle section and final section. The music is contrapuntal

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19
Q

Ternary

A

-A B A a simple musical form in three sections with an ABA structure

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20
Q

Fugal exposition

A

-the initial statements of the subject and answer

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21
Q

Dominant

A

-the fifth note of the scale – the second strongest note after the tonic

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22
Q

Secondary dominant

A

-this refers to the key that is the dominant key of the dominant

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23
Q

Subject

A

-the short main theme of the fugue

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24
Q

Answer

A

-the subject in a response to its initial appearance

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25
Q

Counter-subject

A

-the melody played after the subject or answer has been sounded

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26
Q

Stretto

A

-entries of the subject occur closer together, this heightens the tension of the music

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27
Q

Contrapuntal

A

-when two melodies are played ‘against’ each other and interweave. Written in counterpoint

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28
Q

Counter-point

A

-‘tune against tune’ simultaneous combination of two or more melodies with independent rhythms (two tunes played at the same time)

29
Q

Passing modulations

A

-modulations where the new key only lasts for a few bars before modulating to another key

30
Q

Relative minor

A

-the minor key based on the sixth note of the major scale

31
Q

Variant

A

-a phrase whose shape resembles the original

32
Q

Unison

A

-more than one part playing the same melody at the same pitch

33
Q

Passagework

A

-a constantly moving passage, often in patterns or quick notes notes such as semiquavers. Often includes sequences

34
Q

Scalic

A

-music that is based on ascending/descending scales

35
Q

Canon

A

-parts copy each other in exact intervals, often 5th or 8th(octave) eg. London’s burning

36
Q

Cadential

A

-this refers to a progression of chords forming a cadence

37
Q

Chromatic

A
  • notes that are not diatonic

- Melody ascending/descending in semitones

38
Q

Solo concerto

A

-a concerto for a solo instrument accompanied by an orchestra

39
Q

Romanticism

A

-an artistic and creative movement that began in Europe in the early 1800s and lasted for roughly 100 years. Romanticism is characterized by an emphasis of emotions and their freedom of imagination, as well as a love for the natural world

40
Q

Sforzando

A

-an accent showing than a note or chord should be played with greater force than the others surrounding it usually shown as sf or sfz

41
Q

Classical era

A

-the musical period extending from c.1750 to c.1820

42
Q

Romantic era

A

-the musical period extending from c.1810 to c.1900

43
Q

Sonata form

A

-Sonata form- a large-scale form in the classical era consisting of three sections:
EXPOSTION
DEVELOPMENT
RECAPITULATION

44
Q

Exposition

A

-Exposes the first tune

45
Q

Development

A

-develops the tune

46
Q

Recapitulation

A

-recaps the tune

47
Q

First subject

A

-the first theme or melody

48
Q

Second subject

A

-the second theme or melody

49
Q

Bride passage

A

-a linking passage often used to change the key of the piece in preparation for the second subject

50
Q

Coda

A

-a section sometimes added at the end of a piece of movement

51
Q

Homophony

A

-a texture consisting of a melody and an accompaniment

52
Q

Diminished seventh

A

-a four-note chord made up fully from minor-third intervals

53
Q

Codetta

A

-a short coda concluding a section

54
Q

Pedal

A

-a sustained (held on) note, usually in the bass part. Usually they are on the tonic or dominant

55
Q

Murky bass

A

-the fast octave repetitions in the bass

56
Q

Interrupted cadence

A

-most commonly consists of chord V(5) followed by chord VI(6). So-called because it interrupts an expected perfect cadence V-I(5-1)

57
Q

Imperfect cadence

A

-a cadence ending on chord V(5) and sounding incomplete. Usually guided by chord I, II or IV (1, 2, 4)

58
Q

Perfect cadence

A

-a cadence of two chords that has chord V(5) followed by chord I(1)

59
Q

Transition

A

-a section used to take the music from one key to another by modulation (also called a bridge section)

60
Q

Lyrical

A

-song-like, flowing

61
Q

Articulation

A

-the manner in which a note or sequence is played- eg. staccato, legato

62
Q

Staccato

A

-played in a detached fashion (opposite to legato)

63
Q

Legato

A

-played in a smooth fashion (opposite to staccato)

64
Q

Mordent

A
  • two types- ‘upper’ and ‘lower’ mordent. -UPPER- main note, note above the main note, main note
  • LOWER- main note, note below the main note, main note
65
Q

Alberti bass

A

-a figuration made up from broken chords used as an accompaniment

66
Q

Enharmonic

A

-two identically sounding pitches with different names eg. Fb and E

67
Q

Augmented

A

-doubling (or more) of the original notes’ duration

68
Q

Dominant preparation

A

-a passage focused on the dominant chord to create expectation for a return to the tonic

69
Q

Cadential 6 4

A

-this refers to a progression of chords forming a cadence. eg. Ic–V7–I is known as cadential 6 4. The 6 4 refers to the first chord being in second inversion (a fourth and sixth above the bass eg. G–C–E)

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