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Alimentary > Diarrhoea - Cat and Dog > Flashcards

Diarrhoea - Cat and Dog Flashcards

1
Q

diarrhoea - define

A

incr freq, volume or fluidity

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2
Q

melaena - define

A

dark, tarry

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3
Q

flatulence - define

A

excess gas

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4
Q

dyscezia - define

A

difficult/painful defacation

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5
Q

haematochezia - define

A

fresh blood in stool

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6
Q

tenesmus - define

A

ineffectual straining

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7
Q

Differentiation small/ large bowel diarrhoea - small

A 
volume +++
mucus - 
freq +
tenesmus - 
dyschezia -
weight loss ++
vomiting +
general condition +
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8
Q

Differentiation small/ large bowel diarrhoea - large

A 
volume +
mucus +++
freq +++
tenesmus +++ 
dyschezia +
weight loss +
vomiting +
general condition -
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9
Q

Differential Diagnoses acute small intestinal diarrhoea - No systemic signs

A

Diet
helminths
Protozoa (Giardia)
Iatrogenic (drugs)

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10
Q

Differential Diagnoses acute small intestinal diarrhoea - systemic signs - bacterial

A

Salmonella
Campylobacter
faecal culture needed

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11
Q

Differential Diagnoses acute small intestinal diarrhoea - systemic signs - viral

A

Distemper (dogs)
Parvovirosis (dogs)
Panleukopenia (cats)
faecal antigen test

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12
Q

Differential Diagnoses acute small intestinal diarrhoea - systemic signs - other

A

Toxins
Hemorrhagic Gastroenteritis (dogs)
Acute pancreatitis

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13
Q

Differential Diagnoses acute large intestinal diarrhoea

A 
Whipworms 
Clostridia 
Giardia 
Campylobacter 
faecal examination, culture
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14
Q

DDx chronic small intestinal diarrhoea - metabolic

A

Hepatic disease (Portosystemic Shunt!)
Hyperthyroidism (cats)
Addison’s disease (dogs)
Renal insufficiency

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15
Q

DDx chronic small intestinal diarrhoea - pancreatic

A

exocrine pancreatic insufficiency

chronic pancreatitis

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16
Q

DDx chronic small intestinal diarrhoea - intestinal

A 
Giardia infection 
Chronic partial obstruction 
Lymphangiectasia 
Neoplasia: Lymphosarcoma 
food-responsive disease 
Inflammatory Bowel Disease - Lympho-plasmacellular
17
Q

DDx chronic large intestinal diarrhoea - Colon

A 
Inflammatory Bowel Disease - Lympho-plasmacellular, Ulcerative Colitis (Boxer) 
Polyps 
Food-responsive disease 
Neoplasia 
Chronic partial obstruction 
Cats: Tritrichomonas foetus!
18
Q

Investigations for chronic diarrhoea

A 
Faecal exam 
Haematology, Biochemistry, UA 
If small intestinal diarrhoea: consider serum tests
Abdominal ultrasound
Empiric treatment with elimination diet 
If no response: Biopsies
19
Q

faecal exam

A

flotation, culture

exclude Parasites, bacterial infection

20
Q

Haematology, Biochemistry, UA

A

exclude renal failure, hepatic disease

21
Q

serum tests

A

Trypsin-like Immunoreactivity (TLI), Pancreatic

lipase (PLI), cobalamin

22
Q

Empiric treatment with elimination diet

A

Food-responsive disease

23
Q

biopsy

A

endoscopy
exploratory laparotomy
Food-responsive disease

24
Q

biopsy via endoscopy

A

Multiple biopsies from stomach, proximal small intestine, ileum and colon possible
Non-invasive (except for anaesthesia)
Direct visualization of mucosa possible
Gives diagnosis in majority of cases
Difficulty: Intestinal lymphoma, lymphangiectasia
dont sample from peyers patch - looks like lymphoma

25
Q

biopsy via ex lap

A

Invasive - Caution in sick animals, cats, animals with decreased albumin levels
Only yields 2-3 biopsies from stomach and small intestine, not for colonic biopsies!
More expensive and painful for the animal
20% mortality vs 2% mortality for endoscopy

26
Q

main causes for chronic SI diarrhoea in dogs

A

Food-responsive disease
Antibiotic-responsive diarrhoea
Inflammatory Bowel Disease - lympho-plasmacellular Enteritis/Colitis
Neoplasia

27
Q

food-responsive disease

A

Diarrhoea gets better when given elimination diet = protein that the animal has never eaten before:
Better within first 2 weeks
Keep on diet for at least 6-8 weeks

28
Q

antibiotic responsive diarrhoea (ARD)

A

Former Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth = SIBO
Most commonly seen in young German Shepherd Dogs
Chronic small intestinal or mixed diarrhoea
Treatment - Metronidazole For 4 weeks
But: usually relapse!

29
Q

IBD - inflammatory bowel disease

A

Diagnosis by clinical exclusion!
Most common chronic enteropathy in dogs
Histopathology - Lympho-plasmacellular (most common!), Eosinophilic (rare), Ulcerative colitis

30
Q

Therapy of chronic enteropathies/IBD in dogs: Sequential treatment protocol

A

Elimination diet
Metronidazole for 3-4 weeks
If inadequate response - prednisolone for at
least 10 days, then taper dose to e.o.d.
azathioprine or cyclosporine if steroids poorly tolerated or unsuccessful

31
Q

therapy of IBD in cats

A

Elimination diet
Prednisolone for 10-14 days, then slow taper
if no response: Chlorambucil
Cobalamin supplementation

32
Q

Protein losing enteropathy - define

A

Syndrome of intestinal diseases
Non-selective protein loss:
Albumin low, +/- Globulins low

33
Q

Protein losing enteropathy - causes

A

IBD
Lymphangiectasia
Neoplasia (Lymphoma)

34
Q

clinical picture

A

Diarrhoea
vomiting, anorexia
Weight loss
Ascites, pleural effusion, peripheral oedema
Usually albumin and globulin serum concentrations low
Important to biopsy early on in workup

Alimentary (13 decks)

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