Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CSI > Diarrhoea > Flashcards

Diarrhoea Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of diarrhoea?

A

Diarrhoea is defined as 300g or more of stool per day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the two main categories of diarrhoea?

A

Inflammatory and Non-inflammatory diarrhoea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the symptoms of inflammatory diarrhoea?

A
  • Fever and Pain
  • Tenesmus
  • Blood in the Stool
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

We can test the stools for faecal leukocytes, what is the problem with this test?

A

Faecal leukocyte test has a high false negative rate. So a negative result should be taken with a pinch of salt but a positive result is very telling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the typical presentation of inflammatory diarrhoea?

A

High volume, frequent watery stool

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a common treatment method used for dehydration and how does it work?

A

Oral Rehydration Salts use a combination of glucose and sodium to stimulate the SGLT-1 transport into uptaking sodium so that water follows

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How can we further divide up non-inflammatory diarrhoea?

A

Into osmotic and secretory. Osmotic can be further broken down into maldigestion and malabsorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Both secretory and osmotic diarrhoea result in increased fluid in the lumen, how does the mechanism differ ?

A
  • Secretory Diarrhoea uses molecule pumps

- Osmotic involves aquaporins allowing water to follow the solutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How can osmotic diarrhoea be caused ?

A

Malabsorption or Maldigestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are some investigations we would do for inflammatory diarrhoea?

A

LFT
Faecal Calprotectin
X-Rays

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the main conditions is IBD?

A

Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What type of disease is IBS? How do we diagnose it ?

A

IBS is a functional disease. Despite very real symptoms endoscopic and microscopic evaluations appear normal. We diagnose with a diagnosis of exclusion where we rule out all other conditions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What medications should NOT be given to someone with Crohn’s disease?

A

NSAIDs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Give some examples of NSAIDs.

A 
Naproxen
Ibuprofen
High dose Aspirin
Diclofenac
Celecoxib
Indomethacin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

If a condition affects the small intestine which IBD condition will have caused it?

A

It is most likely Crohn’s which can affect anywhere from gum to bum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where do we tend to see UC?

A

It always involves the rectum and normally the sigmoid and descending colon. It can theoretically however affect the entire large colon

17
Q

What is the difference in the depth of gut wall they effect?

A

Crohn’s disease is a transmural disease meaning ulcers can span from the epithelium to the serosa. Ulcerative Colitis affects the mucosa and occasionally submucosa

18
Q

What is a non-Casesting granuloma?

A

Caseating means cheese like and these granuloma’s (formation of immune cells) are not cheese like)

19
Q

What is a pseudopolyp and is it more likely to be seen in UC or Crohn’s?

A

A

20
Q

What is the difference in the macroscopic features of Crohn’s and UC?

A

A

21
Q

Which disease type has flare ups and a symptomatic periods?

A

A

22
Q

How do we treat Crohn’s?

A
  • Acute flare ups we use corticosteroids

- Chronically we use Azothioprine, Biologics or rarely surgery (usually just to fix fistula’s and strictures)

23
Q

Smoking is a common risk factor for many diseases how does it affect Crohn’s and UC?

A

Smoking may have a protective benefit in UC bit is harmful in Crohn’s

24
Q

In terms of time period how can we define diarrhoea?

A

Acute: <2 weeks
Persistent: 2-4 weeks
Chronic: >4 weeks

25
Q

How does the liver respond to inflammatory diarrhoea?

A

A

26
Q

What are some symptoms that are specific to IBS when compared to IBD?

A
  • Alternating Constipation and Diarrhoea
  • Bloating
  • Mucous in the stools is associated with IBS more than IBD
27
Q

Strictures and fistula’s are complications of which condition in IBD ?

A

Crohn’s Disease

28
Q

What is faecal calprotectin a marker of?

A

A

29
Q

What is the faecal osmolar gap?

A

We calculate it by doing 290- 2(Na + K)

This is different to faecal osmolality which is 290, same as the plasma

30
Q

How does diarrhoea affect the faecal osmolar gap?

HINT: think about different types

A

A

CSI (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions