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Elective Topics > Diarrhea > Flashcards

Diarrhea Flashcards

1
Q

What do you not give to pts with invasive diarrhea

A

Anti-motility agents

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2
Q

What is the most common cause of gastroenteritis in adults

A

Norovirus

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3
Q

What is the predominating sx in most noninvasive diarrhea

A

Vomiting

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4
Q

What is the most common cause of diarrhea in children

A

Rotavirus

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5
Q

What type of diarrhea has vomiting, watery, voluminous, and no fecal or WBC

A

Noninvasive diarrhea

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6
Q

What diarrhea is from food contamination of dairy products, meats, eggs, and mayonnaise

A

Staphylococcus

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7
Q

What is the tx of staphylococcus diarrhea

A

Self limiting

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8
Q

What diarrhea do you get from fried rice

A

Bacillus cereus

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9
Q

How do you treat bacillus cereus

A

Supportive

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10
Q

What exotoxins causes hyper secreation of water and choloride ions leading to dehydration

A

Vibrio cholerae and vibrio parahemolyticus

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11
Q

What diarrhea is transmitted via contaminated food and water esp abroad

A

Vibrio cholera

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12
Q

What type of diarrhea is associated with raw shellfish in Mexico

A

Vibrio parahemolyticus

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13
Q

What type of diarrhea has rice water stool

A

Vibrio cholerae and vibrio parahemolyticus

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14
Q

What is the treatment of vibrio cholerae and vibrio parahemolyticus

A

Often self limited…fluid replacements

If high fevers fluoroquinolones

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15
Q

What is the most common cause of travelers diarreha

A

Enterotoxogenic E. Coli

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16
Q

How does one get enterotoxogenic E. coli

A

Unsanitary drinking water

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17
Q

What is the treatment of Enterotoxogenic E. coli

A

Fluoroquinolone : Bactrim or Doxycycline

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18
Q

Name some Fluoroquinolones

A

Levoquin and ciprofloxin

They all in in floxacin

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19
Q

What is an organism overgrowth secondary to alteration of normal flora

A

Clostridium difficult

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20
Q

What type of abx can cause C-diff

A

Clindamycin

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21
Q

What are some sx of C-diff

A

Abdominal cramps, diarreha, fever,

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22
Q

What is a serious complication of c-diff

A

Toxic mega colon

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23
Q

What is the treatment of c-diff

A

Metronidazole

Vancomycin is 2nd line

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24
Q

What are some factors that would make you think a pt has an invasive diarrhea

A

High fevers, blood and fecal leukocyte, not as voluminous,

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25
Q

What diarrhea is from fecal oral contamination and is highly virulent

A

Shigella

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26
Q

A pt comes to you with abd cramps and explosive watery diarrhea. He has been running a fever and states that the diarreha has been bloody. What is the most likely organism

A

Shigella

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27
Q

What can shiggella cause in young children

A

Febrile seizures

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28
Q

What can a severe case of shigella lead to?

A

Toxic megacolon

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29
Q

What would you see on sigmoidoscopy of shigella

A

Punctuate areas of ulceration

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30
Q

What is the treatment of shigella

31
Q

What type of diarrhea can mimic acute appendicitis

A

Yersinia enterolitica

32
Q

What is the treatment of yersinia enterocolitica

A

Fluoroquinolones: Bactrim

33
Q

What type of diarrhea can be caused by poultry products, and exotic pets

A

Salmonella

34
Q

Who is at high risk for developing salmonella

A

Immunocomprimised, sickle cell, AIDs, children, elderly

35
Q

What type of bacteria causes salmonella gastroenteritis

A

S. Typhimurium

36
Q

What type of diarrhea has “pea soup stools”

A

Salmonella gastroenteritis

37
Q

How do you treat Salmonella gastroenteritis

A

Usually self limited

38
Q

What bacteria causes typhoid fever

39
Q

What type of salmonella causes bradycardia, pea soup stools, intractable fevers, and headache

A

Typhoid fever

40
Q

How do you treat salmonella

A

Fluoroquinolones

41
Q

What type of diarrhea is caused by undercooked ground beef, unpasteurized milk/apple cider, and day care centers

A

Enterhemorrhagic E. coli 0157:H7

42
Q

What type of diarrhea is watery, bloody, with cramps abd pain, and fevers. They will produce a cytotoxin

A

Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli 0157:H7

43
Q

What is the treatment of enterohemorrhagic E. coli 0157:H7

A

Supportive treatment

44
Q

Why may you not want to use abx for enterohemorrhagic E. coli 0157:H7

A

Increased incidence of hemolytic uremic syndrome

45
Q

What is the most common cause of bacterial enteritis in the US

A

Campylobacter enteritis

46
Q

What diarrhea is the most common antecendent event in post infectious Guillain Barre syndrome

A

campylobacter enteritis

47
Q

What will you see on cx of campylobacter enteritis

A

S or seagull shaped organisms

48
Q

What is the treatment of campylobacter enteritis

A

Erythromycin or Fluoroquinolones

49
Q

What diarrhea can come from contaminated water from remote streams/wells or “backpackers diarrhea”

A

Giardia lamblia

50
Q

What type of diarrhea can be cause frothy greasy foul diarrhea

A

Giardia lamblia

51
Q

Does giardia have blood or pus in the diarrhea

52
Q

How do you dx giardia

A

Culture and you will see trophozites/cyst in stool

53
Q

How do you treat giardia lamblia

A

Metronidazole

54
Q

What type of diarreha is common in travelers to developing countries

A

Entamoeba hystoltica

55
Q

What type of diarrhea has GI colitis, dysentery, and amebic liver abscess

56
Q

What is the treatment for an amebiasis diarreha

A

Metronidazole

57
Q

What is the most common cause of chronic diarrhea in an aids pt

A

Cryptosporidium

58
Q

What diarrhea is caused by malabsorption of nonabsorbale substance in intestinal Luman with a secondary accumulation of fluid

A

Osmotic diarrhea

59
Q

What type of diarrhea is normal osmotic gap large volume and no change in diarrhea with fasting

A

Secretory diarrhea

60
Q

Invasive or noninvasive diarrhea

Enterotoxins increase GI secreations of electrolytes

A

Non-invasive diarrhea

61
Q

Invasive or noninvasive diarrhea

Cytotoxins cause mucosal invasion and damage

A

Invasive diarrhea

62
Q

Invasive or noninvasive diarrhea

Small bowel large volume of stool

A

Non-invasive diarrhea

63
Q

Invasive or noninvasive diarrhea

Large bowel; small volume with high fevers

64
Q

Invasive or noninvasive diarrhea

Vomiting is the predominating sx

A

Non-invasive diarrhea

65
Q

Invasive or noninvasive diarrhea

+fecal blood with WBC and mucous

A

Invasive diarrhea

66
Q

Invasive or noninvasive diarrhea

Viral

A

Non-invasive

67
Q

Invasive or noninvasive diarrhea

S. Aureus

A

Non-invasive

68
Q

Invasive or noninvasive diarrhea

B. Cereus

A

Non-invasive

69
Q

Invasive or noninvasive diarrhea

V. Cholera

A

Non-invasive

70
Q

Invasive or noninvasive diarrhea

Enterotoxogenic E. coli

A

Non-invasive

71
Q

Invasive or noninvasive diarrhea

Shigella

72
Q

Invasive or noninvasive diarrhea

Salmonella

73
Q

Invasive or noninvasive diarrhea

IBD (UC and CD)

74
Q

Invasive or noninvasive diarrhea

Enterohemorrhagic E. coli

Elective Topics (2 decks)

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