Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Science > Dialysis > Flashcards

Dialysis Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the significance of the aorta in the circulatory system?

A

The aorta is the main artery that carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle of the heart to the rest of the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe how haemodialysis works.

A

In haemodialysis, blood is filtered through a machine called a dialyser, which removes waste and excess fluid before returning the blood to the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe how peritoneal dialysis works.

A

In peritoneal dialysis, a fluid is pumped into the peritoneal cavity, where it absorbs waste products from the blood, then the fluid is drained out.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are some disadvantages of haemodialysis?

A

Itchy skin, muscle cramps, and potential complications with the AV fistula or graft, such as infection or poor blood flow.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is fluid overload, and how does dialysis prevent it? + What are the consequences of fluid overload

A

Fluid overload occurs when the body retains too much fluid, which can strain the heart and lead to high blood pressure. Dialysis removes excess fluid to prevent this condition.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the primary function of the kidneys in the excretory system?

A

The kidneys filter waste and excess fluids from the blood, removing them through urine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why might some patients feel exhausted after dialysis sessions?

A

Dialysis can be physically draining due to the removal of fluid and waste, which can lead to low blood pressure and muscle fatigue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the two main types of dialysis?

A

Haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does defecation differ from excretion?

A

Defecation is the removal of undigested food from the digestive system, while excretion is the process of removing wastes produced by the body, such as urea and excess water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are nephrons, and what is their function?

A

Nephrons are microscopic structures in the kidneys that filter the blood, reabsorbing useful substances and secreting waste products to be excreted as urine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are some disadvantages of peritoneal dialysis?

A

Risk of peritonitis, skin infections around the catheter, and potential weight gain from absorbing sugar in the dialysis solution.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the advantages of dialysis?

A

Allows patients to remain physically active, maintain a balanced diet, and continue social engagements; can often be done at home.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What happens when waste products build up in the blood due to kidney failure?

A

The accumulation of waste can lead to dangerous symptoms, organ damage, and can be fatal if untreated.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How does dialysis improve patient health and wellbeing?

A

By removing waste, balancing fluid levels, and providing time for patients to receive a kidney transplant.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What role does the renal artery play in the excretory system?

A

The renal artery carries unfiltered blood into the kidneys for filtration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the glomerulus?

A

The glomerulus is a tiny, ball-shaped cluster of capillaries in the nephron where blood filtration begins.

17
Q

What are some ethical and social concerns related to dialysis?

A

Geographic disparities in access to dialysis, high costs of treatment, and the environmental impact of the procedure.

18
Q

What is dialysis?

A

Dialysis is a medical procedure that artificially cleans the blood when the kidneys are not functioning properly.

19
Q

What is the primary function of the excretory system?

A

The excretory system removes waste products from the body, including excessive or toxic substances like urea, salt, and water.

20
Q

Describe the path of filtered blood and waste products through the excretory system.

A

Filtered blood leaves the kidney through the renal vein and returns to the heart via the vena cava. Waste products travel to the ureter, then to the bladder, and are finally removed from the body via the urethra.

21
Q

What role does the liver play in the excretory system?

A

The liver breaks down excess amino acids into ammonia, which is then converted into urea. Urea is excreted by the kidneys.

22
Q

What is the primary function of the circulatory system?

A

The circulatory system transports substances like nutrients, oxygen, and hormones throughout the body, and removes waste products like carbon dioxide and urea.

23
Q

What is the function of the bladder?

A

The bladder stores urine until it is ready to be excreted from the body through the urethra.

24
Q

What are some causes of kidney failure that may lead to dialysis?

A

High blood pressure, diabetes, lupus, and chronic kidney disease.

25
Q

What happens to the substances reabsorbed by the tubule in the nephron?

A

The substances reabsorbed by the tubule, such as water, glucose, and essential ions, are returned to the bloodstream.

26
Q

What is the difference between veins and arteries? +Blood pressure

A

Veins carry deoxygenated blood towards the heart at low pressure, while arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart at high pressure.

27
Q

What is the function of capillaries?

A

Capillaries connect arteries and veins, delivering nutrients to cells and removing waste products by diffusing through their thin walls.

28
Q

Describe the two main loops of the heart’s pumping function.

A

One loop pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs to collect oxygen and release carbon dioxide. The other loop pumps oxygenated blood around the body to deliver oxygen and nutrients to cells and collect waste products.

29
Q

How does the right side of the heart differ from the left side?

A

The right side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs, while the left side pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body.

30
Q

Why do arteries have thick walls?

A

Arteries have thick walls with layers of muscle for strength, enabling them to carry blood at high pressure.

31
Q

What is the vena cava, and what is its function?

A

The vena cava is a large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the body back to the right atrium of the heart.

32
Q

What does the heart deliver to cells during circulation, and what does it collect?

A

The heart delivers oxygen and glucose to cells for cellular respiration and collects carbon dioxide and other wastes.

33
Q

What is the role of the ureter in the excretory system?

A

The ureter is a tube that carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

Science (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions