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Ccht > Dialysis > Flashcards

Dialysis Flashcards

1
Q

Recent labs indicated the patient’s KT/V is 1.0 and URR is 60.5. What is the significance of this result?

A

The treatment time should be increased

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2
Q

The total pressure in the blood circuit is a result of

A

Dialysate flow rate

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3
Q

The air detector monitors for the presence of air/foam in

A

the arterial blood line

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4
Q

Heparin is used in hemodialysis to

A

Prevent clots from forming in the extracorporeal circuit

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5
Q

A patient experiencing pericarditis may display which of the following symptoms?

A

Chest pain, fever, friction rub

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6
Q

What care to expect the physician to order for a patient with pericarditis?

A

No heparin dialysis, increased intensity of dialysis, Increase the patient’s dry weight

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7
Q

Careful rinsing of a reuse dialyzer before use by the patient is done primarily to remove?

A

Residual disinfectent

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8
Q

What is the expected effect of sodium modeling during a hemodialysis treatment?

A

It may decrease episodes of hypotension

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9
Q

The movement of solutes through a semipermeable membrane from an area of high solute concentration to an area of low concentration is

A

Diffusion

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10
Q

Medical Director

A

Is ultimately responsible for maintaining the facility’s hemodialysis water quality

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11
Q

Medications used in the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism

A

Calcijex, Zemplar, Sensipar

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12
Q

Light-headed, pale, cyanotic pt respiratory rate and depth are increase

A

Hypoxia

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13
Q

Pyrogenic Reaction is caused from?

A

Bacterial exposure from water

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14
Q

Conductivity meter function and results dependent on

A

Passing a small electric current through the dialysate

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15
Q

The number assigned to a dialyzer indicating the membrane’s permeability for a particular molecule or particular molecule or particle is called?

A

The mass transfer coefficient (KoA)

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16
Q

The primary factor causing anemia in patients with chronic renal failure is?

A

Insufficient production of the hormone erythropoietin

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17
Q

The Technician should be aware that the blood pump stops during this alarm conditions

A

High or low venus pressure alarm

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18
Q

During treatment, patient complains of suddenly feeling chilled

A

Take the patients temperature

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19
Q

Infiltration

A

Leakage of a substance into body tissues. If needles puncture the back of the vessel wall.

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20
Q

RO membrane(s)

A

Purify water to ANSI/AAMI standards

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21
Q

Reverse Osmosis (RO) pump

A

Increase water pressure across the RO membrane; made of high-grade steel, inert plastics, or carbon graphite-wetted parts.

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22
Q

Ultrapure dialysate should be

A

> 0.1CFU/mL

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23
Q

Bacteria must not exceed to

A

200

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24
Q

ANSI/AAMI standards of bacteria in dialysis water

A

<100CFU/mL Action level>50CFU/mL

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25
Q

Brine Tank

A

Contains salt pellets to make brine for the water softener

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26
Q

Arteriovenous fistula

A

Thrombosis, infection, stenosis, arterial steal syndrome

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27
Q

Endotoxemia

A

endotoxins in the blood

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28
Q

Dialysate temp

A

37c+1c

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29
Q

Conventional dialysate, bacteria must not exceed

A

200CFU

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30
Q

Conventional dialysate must have a level of less than

A

2EU/mL

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31
Q

Dialysate action level

A

1EU/mL

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32
Q

Magnesium

A

A metallic found in the body as an electrolyte in the intercellular fluid.

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33
Q

Cartridge filter

A

Placed before the RO to catch carbon fines, resin beads, debris, and other particles that could damage the RO

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34
Q

Gram-negative bacteria

A

Porygenic

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35
Q

Evacuation procedures, fire safety and CPR techniques

A

JCAHO

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36
Q

Purification

A

ensuring the water is free of chemicals and germs

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37
Q

Preparing the water before it reaches the fragile nerves osmosis (RO) membrane

A

Pretreatment

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38
Q

A carbon filter must always come before a DI system so cancer-causing nitrosamines ultrafilter, or other way to remove microbes, must be used after(downstream) the DI tank to capture microbes.

A

Deionization (DI)

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39
Q

Keeps microbes that might have slipped past the RO from reproducing

A

UV Light

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40
Q

Back up the light and remove
microbes that remain

A

Submicron and ultrafilters

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41
Q

Distribution

A

bringing the product water to the point of use

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42
Q

Removes minerals that could form scale on the RO

A

Water softener

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42
Q

Layers of media ranging in size from gravel to sand trap large particles

A

Multimedia Filter(s)

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43
Q

mixes hot and cold water to reach an RO membrane industry standard temperature, around 77F

A

Blending valve

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44
Q

Anemia

A

Decreased erythropoietin

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45
Q

Backflow prevention device

A

Keeps treated dialysis water from backing up into the tap water

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46
Q

Distribution

A

bringing the product water to the point of use

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47
Q

Booster pump

A

Keep water pressure constant flow

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48
Q

will send the water to the stations-or to a storage tank

A

Distribution pump

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49
Q

Chest pain, dyspnea, pericardial friction rub, and uremia

A

Uremic Pericarditis

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50
Q

Colony Forming Units

A

CFU stands for?

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51
Q

ensuring the water is free of chemicals and gems

A

Purification

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52
Q

Primary Carbon Tank

A

Removes chlorine and chloramines

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53
Q

which type of vascular access has fewest complications

A

A/V fistula

54
Q

First use syndrome

A

Dialysis disequilibrium syndrome

55
Q

The absence of pathogens

A

Asepsis

56
Q

What organization establishes dialysis water quality standards

A

Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation

57
Q

Red blood cell rupture

A

Hemolysis

57
Q

The amount of heparin sodium concentration commonly used in hemodialysis is

A

1ml:1000 units

58
Q

If the extracorporeal circuit clots it would be most important to monitor the patient’s

A

Hemoglobin

59
Q

one reason normal saline is used to prime the extracorporeal circuit prior to initiating treatments to

A

Remove air

60
Q

AV/ fistula is red and warm to the touch, symptoms of?

A

Infection

61
Q

What is the name of the instrument used to measure blood pressure

A

Sphygmomanometer

62
Q

TMP

A

Transmembrane pressure

63
Q

The movement of fluid from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration is called

A

Osmosis

64
Q

A complication of chronic renal failure may cause a patient to experience a tingling or numbness in the toes and fingers mostly likely due to

A

Peripheral neuropathy

65
Q

when the technician accidentally spills undiluted bleach on the floor which resource will provide the PCT with the appropriate safety information and guidance on how to clean

A

The MSDS

66
Q

15 minutes before the end of treatment a patient complains of nausea. This is most likely caused by?

A

Hypotension

67
Q

The hemodialysis machine monitors many parameters. which of these parameters must be verified by a second independent means?

A

PH, andConductivity

68
Q

Normal blood serum pH range is

A

7.35-7.45

69
Q

Which of the following are dialyzed out during a hemodialysis treatment?

A

Water soluble vitamins(B1, B2, B3, B6, B12, folic acid

70
Q

which of the following is the most accurate measure of dialysis adequacy?

A

KT/V (urea)

71
Q

According to K/DOQI guidelines and recommendations, hemodialysis patients should have a KT/V

A

1.2

72
Q

The components of a hemodialysis machine responsible for the precise mixing of fresh dialysate concentrate with fixed amounts of treated water is best described as the

A

Proportioning system

73
Q

which of the following dialysate temperature ranges is generally considered optimal?

A

36-38 degrees

74
Q

The air detector monitors for the presence of air/foam in?

A

The venous bloodline

75
Q

which lab value is not affected by diet and is used as an indicator of renal failure?

A

Creatinine

76
Q

Triggers the bone marrow to make red blood cells

A

Erythropoietin

77
Q

the primary factor causing anemia in patients with chronic renal failure is?

A

Insufficient production of the hormone erythropoietin

78
Q

To determine the patency of an A/V vascular access the dialysis technician should initially palpate for the present of a?

A

Thrill

79
Q

what pretreatment component of the water treatment system is required to have a back up?

A

A carbon tank

80
Q

When should the water hardness be test be conducted?

A

At the end of the treatment

81
Q

when should the water be tested for chlorine and chloramines

A

Prior to each patient shift

82
Q

According to industry standards the total microbial content of dialysate should not exceed

A

200CFU/mL

83
Q

(CQI) process

A

Plan, do, check, act

84
Q

Asepsis

A

the absence of pathogens

85
Q

Blood Leak

A

when blood leaks into the dialysate compartment inside the dialysis

86
Q

Carbon Tanks

A

Remove chlorine and chloramines

87
Q

RO

A

Removes solute from a solution organic and inorganic

88
Q

BUN

A

10:1,20:1

89
Q

Na+

A

sodium

90
Q

K+

A

Potassium

91
Q

Ca2

A

Calcium

91
Q

CL

A

Chlorine

91
Q

CO

A

Carbon dioxide

92
Q

Urea

A

20-40 mg

93
Q

Creat

A

0.7-1.2mg

94
Q

GFR<60

A

Renal failure

95
Q

GFR<15

A

Needs dialysis

96
Q

Pathogens

A

bacteria, viruses, fungi

97
Q

The major functioning of the kidney

A

Nephron

98
Q

Anaphylaxis

A

severe allergic reaction

99
Q

Canulate angle for A/V fistula?

A

25-30 degree angle

100
Q

Hemoglobin

A

10.0-12.g/dL

100
Q

Canulate angle A/V graft?

A

25 degree angle

101
Q

Hydraulic pressure can be applied to the blood or dialysate compartment of a dialyzer to force water across the membrane

A

Transmembrane pressure

102
Q

When fluids cross a semipermeable membrane some amount of solute may be pulled along with it. This transport mechanism is best described as?

A

Osmosis

103
Q

Dialysate fluid helps uremic toxins, excess electrolytes, and other waste products diffuse from the patient’s blood. The diffusion rate depends on?

A

Convection

104
Q

During the set-up of a machine, the alarm test for conductivity fails. Which action would be best for the PCT to take?

A

Contact the Biomed Equipment Tech

105
Q

The number one reason for chronic kidney is called?

A

Diabetes

106
Q

what is the acid -base imbalance commonly seen in patients with chronic renal failure?

A

Metabolic acidosis

107
Q

Approximately what percent of the cardiac output is received by the kidneys?

A

25 percent

108
Q

Hyperkalemia may cause

A

Serious or even deadly changes in the heart rhythm

109
Q

The technicians should be aware that the blood pump stops during these alarm conditions

A

High or low venous pressure alarm

110
Q

The patient is experiencing an air embolism. After stopping the blood pump the PCT should take the following actions:

A

Place the patient in the Trendelenburg position

111
Q

The patient complains of pain in the venous needle site. PCT notes swelling distal to the site and venous pressure rising. The PCT should suspect

A

Infiltration

112
Q

When a conductivity alarm sounds during a hemodialysis treatment the technician should expect which of these events to have occurred

A

The flow of dialysate by-passed the dialyzer

113
Q

Blood in dialysate

A

a tear in the dialyzer membrane

114
Q

Sepsis

A

blood poisoning

115
Q

Dialysate is kept in the range of?

A

34.5-36.5 C

116
Q

The National Kidney Foundation initiative which developed guidelines and recommendations for improving care and outcomes for all people with chronic kidney disease is known as

A

KDOQI

117
Q

(CMS) Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services

A

Makes the rules that all dialysis clinics must follow if they want to get paid

118
Q

Muscle weakness, numbness, tingling, nausea

A

Hyperkalemia

119
Q

Congress was convinced to help pay for treatment in?

A

1972

120
Q

Protein level

A

4.0 g/dL or higher

121
Q

Healthy kidneys help keep the constant climate inside the body

A

Homeostasis

122
Q

A fluid is?

A

Solvent

123
Q

A substance that can be dissolved

A

Solute

124
Q

Tells you how much of a solute is fully dissolved

A

Concentration

125
Q

A form of dialysis that injects sterile replacement fluid into patients blood to remove more water

A

Hemodiafiltration

126
Q

PD Principles

A

Diffusion, Convection, Osmosis, Adsorption

127
Q

Dragging some wastes through the membrane pores

A

Convection

128
Q

Calcitrol, Renin, PTH, and Cholesterol

A

Hormones made by kidneys

Ccht (1 decks)

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