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Old Exams PNS > Diagrams > Flashcards

Diagrams Flashcards

1
Q

Corticospinal (Pyramidal) Tract

A

Fine movements (fingers, toes, lips)

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2
Q

Rubrospinal Pathway

A

Voluntary control of movements

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3
Q

Tectospinal Pathway

A

Mediates head and body orientation (in response to localized visual, auditory, tactile stimuli)

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4
Q

Reticulospinal Pathway

A

Stabilizes movement on uneven surfaces

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5
Q

Vestibulospinal Pathway

A

Mediates head and body orientation in response to changes in head velocity due to gravity

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6
Q

Ramon Y Cajal

A

Nervous system made up of neurons, brain pathways cross to maintain relation to environment

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7
Q

James Olds

A

Rats, reward, electrical stimulation

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8
Q

Spemann, Mangold

A

Organizer, induces second nervous system

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9
Q

Hamburger, Rita Levi Montalcini, Cohen

A

NGF

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10
Q

Erlanger, Gasser, Bishop

A

Compound action potential, discrimination based on stimulus

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11
Q

Sherrington

A

Neuronal connectivity and functioning

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12
Q

Adrian

A

Single fiber recording, touch, hearing, sight, etc.

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13
Q

Raichle

A

Used PET at WUSTL, language and behavior

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14
Q

The brain uses approximately…

A

20 percent of 02 supply and 20 percent of glucose

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15
Q

Changes in membrane potential of single neurons are monitored by single unit recordings

A

T

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16
Q

Some functional imaging methods depend on brain blood flow changes

A

T

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17
Q

Parts of the cerebral hemispheres are interconnected through the…

A

Corpus Callosum

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18
Q

____ is one of the optic nerve’s four main targets

A

Inferior Colliculus

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19
Q

Left cerebellum is concerned with…

A

Left part of the body

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20
Q

Cones transduce

A

Light colors

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21
Q

Rods work well in the….

A

dark

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22
Q

The adequate stimulus

A

changes frequency of neuron’s action potential

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23
Q

Craving cocaine activates regions discovered by who in what animal?

A

James Olds in rats

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24
Q

The left pyramid is concerned with

A

The right side of the body

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25
Q

In slowly adapting neurons, the frequency of action potentials…

A

Is similar throughout the duration of the stimulus

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26
Q

Nucleus Accumbens

A

Craving circuits

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27
Q

Down Syndrome

A

Poor at spatial details and good at global organization

28
Q

Speech and gesture comprehension

A

Wernicke’s areas, left and right respectively

29
Q

Skilled movements are due to

A

Long term synaptic effects

30
Q

The receptive field of a neuron

A

Determined from stimuli that change the firing of its action potentials

31
Q

Motor “maps” in the brain are ___ to the number of motor neurons to muscles they activate

A

Proportional

32
Q

Visual, auditory, and somatosensory maps in the ____ are in register

A

Superior colliculus

33
Q

Sensory maps reflect the organization of…

A

The sensory periphery

34
Q

Long term synaptic changes are provoked by…

A

Experience

35
Q

In depression activity in the amygdala is

A

Increased

36
Q

Magneto-encephalography

A

Follows time course of action potentials

37
Q

Donkeys working in mind without exposure to light are blind, whisker removal at birth alters brain patterns, climbing fibers contribute to performance improvement in violinist

A

Brain Plasticity

38
Q

Amplitude peaks of the compound action potential correlate with

A

Axon conduction velocity

39
Q

Muscle spindle input ___ motor neurons controlling the antagonist muscle

A

Inhibits

40
Q

Parkinson’s Disease

A
  • Involved locus coeruleus
  • Can be alleviated by focal electrical stimulation of the brain
  • Is characterized by slowness of activation of movements
41
Q

Depression can be treated by…

A

Serotonin uptake inhibitors

42
Q

Amygdala

A

Smaller in schizophrenia

43
Q

Cerebellum

A

Parallel and climbing fibers

44
Q

Santiago Ramon Y Cajal

A

Neuron theory

45
Q

Musicians without perfect pitch

A

Smaller planes temporal

46
Q

Lateral ventricle

A

Temporal horn

47
Q

Right frontal lobe

A

Generating speech gestures

48
Q

James Olds

A

Brain shocks for reward/pleasure

49
Q

Hippocampus

A

Smaller in clinical depression

50
Q

Donald Hebb

A

Heterosynaptic Plasticity

51
Q

Knee Jerk

A

Antagonist inhibition

52
Q

Charles Sherrington

A

Coined the term synapse

53
Q

Cortical Seteronergic Fibers

A

Fewer in schizophrenia

54
Q

Merkle disks

A

Sensitive to constant deformations

55
Q

Edgar Adrian

A

Defined the receptive field

56
Q

Herbert Gasser

A

WU Nobel Laureate

57
Q

Specific Muscles

A

Motor nuclei

58
Q

Subgenual cortex

A

Fewer glia in clinical depression

59
Q

Whiskers

A

Neurons outline map

60
Q

Marcus Raichle

A

Imaging human brain function

61
Q

Post synaptic depression

A

After wearing prism glasses

62
Q

Brain functions have been defined from…

A

Concentrated introspection

63
Q

Functional imaging methods depend on…

A

Brain metabolism

64
Q

Glia outnumber neurons in what ratio?

A

10:1

65
Q

Left cerebellum is concerned with what side of body???

A

Left

Old Exams PNS (1 decks)

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