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NCLEX!!! > Diagnostics > Flashcards

Diagnostics Flashcards

1
Q

Red Blood Cell count (RBC)

A

Adult Man - 4.6-6.2 million/mm3
Adult Woman - 4.5-5.4 million/mm3
Child - 3.2-5.2 million/mm3

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2
Q

White Blood Cell count (WBC)

A

Adult - 5,000-10,000/mm3

Child - 5,000-13,000/mm3

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3
Q

Hemoglobin

A

Man - 13-18 g/dL
Woman - 12-16 g/dL
Child (3-12years) - 11-12.5 gm/dL

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4
Q

Hematocrit

A

Man - 42-52%
Woman - 35-47%
Child (3-12years) - 35-45%

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5
Q

Bleeding Time

A

1.5-9.5 mins

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6
Q

Partial thromboplastin time (PTT)

A

Lower limit of normal: 20-25
Upper limit of normal: 32-39

monitors effectiveness of heparin therapy

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7
Q

Platelet count

A

150,00-450,000/mm3

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8
Q

Prothrombin time (PT)

A

9.5-12.0 seconds

monitors effectiveness of Coumadin therapy

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9
Q

International normalized ratio (INR)

A

1.0
2-3 for therapy in atrial fibrillation, DVT, and PE
2.5-3.5 for therapy in prosthetic heart valves

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10
Q

Sedimentation rate (ESR)

A

Man 50: less than 20 mm/h
Woman 50: less than 30 mm/h

indicates inflammation

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11
Q

Glucose Tolerance test (GTT)

A

Fasting - 60-110 mg/dL
1 hours - 190 mg/dL
2 hours - 140 mg/dL
3 hours - 125 mg/dL

measures ability of body to secrete insulin in response to hyperglycemia

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12
Q

Total cholesterol

A

150-120 mg/dL

overnight fast

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13
Q

Low-density lipoproteins

A

Less than 160 mg/dL - if no CAD and less than 2 risk factors
Less than 130 mg/dL - if no CAD and 2 or more risk factors
less than 100 mg/dL - if CAD present

“bad” optimal

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14
Q

High-density lipoproteins

A

Men - 35-70
Women - 35-85

“good” low levels are BAD

fast for 12-14 hours

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15
Q

Creatinine (CR)

A

Adult - 0.7-1.4 mg/dL
Child - 0.4-1.2 mg/dL
Infant - 0.3-0.6 mg/dL

NPO 8 hrs
List meds pt taking

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16
Q

Alkaline phosphatase

A

Adult- 50-120 units/L
Infant and adolescent up to 104 FU/L

Evaluates liver and bone function
NPO 8-12 hrs
List meds pt taking

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17
Q

Creatine kinase (CK)

A

Used to diagnose acute MI - detect in 3-5 hrs

MM bands present = skeletal muscle damage
MB bands present = heart muscle damage

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18
Q

Serum albumin

A

3.5-5.5 g/dL

used to detect malnutrition

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19
Q

BUN

A

10-20mg/dL

affected protein intake, tissue breakdown, fluid volume changes

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20
Q

Triglycerides

A

100-200 mg/dL

detect risk for artherosclerosis

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21
Q

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)

A

10-40 units (males)

liver disease

22
Q

Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)

A

10-40 units (males)

liver disease

23
Q

pH

A
  1. 35-7.45

7. 45 alkalosis

24
Q

PaO2

A

85-95 mm Hg

25
Q

SaO2

26
Q

PaCO2

A

35-45 mm Hg

respiratory greater than 45 - acidosis
respiratory less than 35 - alkalosis

27
Q

HCO3

A

22-26 mEq/L

metabolic less than 22 -acidosis
metabolic greater than 26 - alkalosis

28
Q

Direct (conjugated) bilirubin

A

0.1-0.4 mg/dL

29
Q

Urine bilirubin

30
Q

LDH

A

90-176 units/L

31
Q

Ammomia

A

15-45 mcg/dL

liver disorders

32
Q

Total bilirubin

A

0.3-1 mg/dL

33
Q

Indirect (unconjugated) bilirubin

A

0.1-0.4 mg/dL

34
Q

Amylase

A

6-160

dx pancreatitis and acute cholecystitis

restrict food 1-2 hrs before test, avoid opiates 2 hrs before test

35
Q

Lipase

36
Q

Urinalysis pH

37
Q

specific gravity

A

1.010-1.030

38
Q

urine culture and sensitivity

A

less than 100,000 colonies/mL

39
Q

creatinine clearance

A

1.42 - 2.08 mL/s (males)

renal function

40
Q

Schilling test

A

greater than 10% of dose excreted in 24 hrs

diagnosis vitamin B12 deficiency (pernicious anemia)

41
Q

Potassium

A

3.5-5.0 mEq/L

  • Main intracellular ion
  • Involved in cardiac rhythm and nerve transmission
42
Q

Sodium

A

135-145 mEq/L

  • Main extracellular ion
  • Responsible for water balance
43
Q

Calcium

A

4.5-5.2 mEq/L

  • Needed for blood clotting and skeletal muscle contraction
  • Regulated by parathyroid hormone and vitamin D
  • Has sedative effect on CNS
44
Q

Magnesium

A

1.5-2.5 mEq/L

• Acts as a depressant

45
Q

1 t =

A

(teaspoon) = 5 ml

46
Q

1 oz =

47
Q

1 T =

A

(tablespoon) = 3t = 15 ml

48
Q

1 cup =

49
Q

1 grain =

50
Q

1 gram =

51
Q

1 kg =

NCLEX!!! (7 decks)

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