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Medical Terms Chapter 5 > diagnostic terms > Flashcards

diagnostic terms Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

acne

A

an inflammation of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles of the skin evidenced by comedones, pustules, or nodules on the skin

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2
Q

albinism

A

a hereditary condition characterized by a partial or total lack of melanin pigment

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3
Q

burn

A

any injury to body tissue caused by heat, chemicals, electricity, radiation, or gases

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4
Q

first degree burn

A

a burn involving only the epidermis, characterized by erythema and hyperesthesia (excessive sensation)

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5
Q

second degree burn

A

a burn involving the epidermis and the dermis, characterized by erythema, hyperesthesia, and vesications (blisters)

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6
Q

third degree burn

A

a burn involving all layers of the skin, characterized by the destruction of the epidermis and dermis with damage or destruction of the subcutaneous tissue

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7
Q

cellulitis

A

an acute inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue resulting from bacterial invasion through a break in the skin (cellula = small storeroom)

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8
Q

dermatitis (eczema)

A

an inflammation of the skin characterized by redness, pruritus (itching) and various lesions

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9
Q

atopic dermatitis

A

a chronic skin inflammation characterized by the appearance of inflamed, swollen papules and vesicles that crust and scale, with severe itching and burning; most outbreaks begin in infancy and are marked by exacerbations and remissions that usually clear up before adulthood; occurs in persons with atopy ( a genetic hypersensitivity to environmental irritants or allergens)

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10
Q

contact dermatitis

A

an inflammation of the skin resulting from contact with a substance to which one is allergic or irritated by

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11
Q

seborrheic dermatitis

A

redness of the skin covered by a yellow, oily, itchy scale most commonly at the hairline, forehead, and around the nose, ears, or eyelashes developing at an age; referred to as cradle cap in infants

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12
Q

dermatosis

A

any disorder of the skin

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13
Q

exanthematous viral disease

A

eruption of the skin caused by a viral disease

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14
Q

rubella

A

reddish; German measles

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15
Q

rubeola

A

reddish; 14-day measles

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16
Q

varicella

A

a tiny spot; chickenpox

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17
Q

eczema

A

to boil out; the term is often used interchangeable with dermatitis to denote a skin condition characterized b the appearance of inflamed, swollen papules and vesicles that crust and scale, often with sensations of itching and burning

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18
Q

furuncle

A

a boil; a painful nodule formed in the skin by inflammation originating in a hair follicle– caused by the staphylococcosis

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19
Q

carbuncle

A

a skin infection consisting of clusters of furuncles (carbo= small, glowing embers)

20
Q

abscess

A

a localized collection of pus in a cavity formed by the inflammation of surrounding tissues that heals when drained or excised

21
Q

gangrene

A

an eating sore; death of tissue associated with a loss of blood supply resulting from trauma or an inflammatory or infectious process such as seen in complications of frostbite, severe burns, and conditions that affect circulation (diabetes)

22
Q

herpes simplex virus type 1

A

transient viral vesicles (cold sores, fever blisters) that infect the facial area, especially the mouth and nose (herpes= creeping skin disease)

23
Q

herpes simplex virus type 2

A

sexually transmitted ulcer like lesions of the genital and anorectal skin and mucosa; after the initial infection, the virus lies dormant in the nerve cell root and may recur at times of stress

24
Q

herpes zoster

A

a viral disease affecting the peripheral nerves characterized by painful blisters that spread over the skin following the affected nerves; usually unilateral – also known as shingles

25
Q

ichthyosis

A

a skin condition caused by a gene defect that results in dry, thick, scaly skin; ichthyosis vulgaris is the most common of the many types (vulgaris is Greek for common)

26
Q

impetigo

A

highly contagious, bacterial skin inflammation marked by pustules that rupture and become crusted– most often occurs around the mouth and nostrils

27
Q

keratoses

A

thickened areas of the epidermis

28
Q

actinic keratosis/ solar keratoses

A

localized thickening of the skin caused by excessive exposure to sunlight; known as a precursor to cancer

29
Q

seborrheic keratoses

A

benign wart-like lesions especially on elderly skin

30
Q

lupus

A

a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of various parts of the body (lupus= wolf)

31
Q

cutaneous lupus

A

limited to the skin; evidenced by a characteristic rash especially on the face, neck, and scalp

32
Q

systemic lupus erythematosus

A

a more severe form of lupus involving the skin, joints, and often the vital organs ( lungs, kidneys)

33
Q

malignant cutaneous neoplasm

A

skin cancer

34
Q

squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)

A

malignant tumor of squamous epithelium

35
Q

basal cell carcinoma (BCC)

A

a malignant tumor of the basal layer of the epidermis (the most common type of skin cancer)

36
Q

malignant melanoma

A

a malignant tumor composed of melanocytes– most develop from a pigmented nevus over time

37
Q

Kaposi sarcoma

A

a malignant tumor of the walls of blood vessels appearing as painless, dark bluish-purple plaques on the skin; often spreads to lymph nodes and internal organs

38
Q

onychia

A

inflammation of the fingernail or toenail

39
Q

paronychia

A

inflammation of the nail fold

40
Q

pediculosis

A

infestation with lice that causes itching and dermatitis (pediculo= louse)

41
Q

pediculosis capitis

A

head lice

42
Q

pediculosis pubis

A

pubic lice– effects pubic hair but can also effect hair of the axilla, eyebrows, lashes, beard, or other hairy body surfaces (also known as crabs)

43
Q

psoriasis

A

an itching; a chronic, recurrent skin disease marked by silver- gray scales covering red patches on the skin that result from overproduction and thickening of skin cells– elbows, knees, genitals, arms, legs, scalp, and nails are common sites involved

44
Q

scabies

A

a contagious disease caused by a parasite (mite) that invades the skin, causing an intense itch– most often found at articulations between the fingers or toes, elbow, etc. (scabo = to scratch)

45
Q

seborrhea

A

a skin condition marked by the hypersecretion of sebum from the sebaceous glands

46
Q

tinea

A

a group of fungal skin diseases identified by the body part that is affected, including tinea corporis (body), commonly called ringworm, and tinea pedis (foot), also called athletes foot

47
Q

vitiligo

A

a condition caused by the destruction of melanin that results in the appearance of white patches on the skin, commonly the face, hands, legs, and genital areas

Medical Terms Chapter 5 (8 decks)

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