Diagnostic Studies Flashcards
1
Q
Urinalysis
A
- Routine
- Clean Catch
- 24 hr specimen
- Catheter
- Quick strips (To test for individual areas)
2
Q
Specific Gravity
A
- reflects the kidneys ability to concentrate urine
- Normally 1.010-1.030
- decrease in instances of high fluid intake , diuretics & diabetes insipidus
- increased in states causing dehydration
3
Q
Blood Urea Nitrogen
A
- Reflects kidneys ability to filter nitrogen waste & urea which are the breakdown of protein
- Patient should be NPO for 8hr prior to test
- Normal value is 10-20mg/dl
- If elevated pt is at risk for diorientation & seizures
- May also be elevated in states of dehydration & excess protein intake .
4
Q
Serum Creatinine
A
- Reflects blood level of creatinine which is the end product of skeletal muscle contraction
- Normal range 0.6-1.2mg/dl
5
Q
Creatinine Clearance
A
- 24 hour urine
- Measure glomerular filtration
- The best indicator of kidney function
- Lower levels (kidney is not excreting the waste) indicate renal disease
6
Q
Prostate Specific Antigen ( PSA)
A
- Normally produce by the prostate
- Elevated is states of prostatic hypertrophic, cancer & prostatitis
- Normal level is less than 4nanograms/ml
7
Q
KUB ( Kidney, Ureters, Bladder radiography)
A
- Used to evaluate structure of organs
* May diagnosis tumors, cysts, stones & glomerulonephritis
8
Q
Intravenous Pyelogram (IVP)
A
- Evaluates structure of organs
- Iodine based dye used (evaluate allergies)
- NPO for 8 hours
- Can diagnosis tumors, cysts, stones , hydronephrosis
9
Q
Retrograde Pyelogram
A
- Cystoscope into bladder
- dye injected
- Visualize bladder, Urethra, & ureters
10
Q
Cystoscopy
A
- Flexible telescope in the urethra
* Expect urine to be pink tinged following procedure
11
Q
Biopsy of Bladder
A
- Done in the OR
* Post procedure patient may have dysuria or small amount of blood in urine
12
Q
Renal Angiography
A
- Evaluates blood supply to kidney
* Femoral artery used to inject dye
13
Q
Renal Angiography
Post Procedure
A
- Risk for bleeding (hematoma)
- CSM (Distal circulation ) Risk for amputation
- Pressure dressing
- Decreased mobility of extremity
14
Q
CAT Scan / MRI
A
- Can diagnose many renal disorder
- Ordered to visualize structures of the urinary tract
- CT May be done with or without contrast media
- If contest is used, assess client for allergies to iodine / shellfish
*stage 3 &4 will not need dye
15
Q
Renal Scan
A
- Provides information regarding function
- Radionuclide injected
- No pregnant personnel should care for client for 24hrs after procedure
- Instruct client to flush toilet immediately after voiding & to wash hands thoroughly to minimize exposure to radioactivity following the procedure
