diagnostic reasoning Flashcards
what is diagnostic reasoning
process of analyzing health data and drawing conclusions to identify diagnoses
what might a novice examiner do
effectively collect data but treat all data the same
what might a expert examiner do
rapidly collect data and determine which of the data is significant on the basis of previous experience
how can a nurse make a more accurate diagnoses
develop a consistent approach for collecting and analyzing data
what should you do with data that appears casual or associated
cluster or group together the data
what can clustering data help expert examiners do even though the process may be slow at first
can recognize patterns more quickly as they recall results from previous situations
what is a cue
important information such as sign or symptom or a piece of laboratory or imaging data
what is an example of a cue
elevated heart rate, blood pressure, and respirations may be associated with anxiety
what types of reasoning are used as you work from initial diagnosis to diagnosis
abductive, deductive, and inductive reasoning
what is abductive reasoning
thinking to determine the best explanation with the information at hand
what is abductive reasoning based on
incomplete data – must move to deductive and inductive reasoning
what is deductive reasoning
draw from general principles of physiology and pathology
what is inductive reasoning
using signs and symptoms as a guide
what is the nursing process
5 step process that includes assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation
what happens during assessment phase
gather data from medical record and patient and complete assessment
what happens during diagnosis phase
clinical findings are interpreted and clinical judgement is used to determine a diagnosis
what happens during planning phase
on basis of diagnosis, you will formulate goals and outcomes in collaboration with the patient
what happens after planning is complete
you will implement the plan and evaluate the results
based on evaluation of the results what might you need to do
reassess or change original plan
what was the clinical judgement model developed for
as a way of structuring nursing education to enhance clinical judgement skills of novice practitioners
what does transitioning from novice to expert go through
goes through critical thinking
what do novice practitioners usually need
clear-cut rules to guide actions
what do expert practitioners use
critical thinking in order to assess and modify if indicated before acting
describe a novice nurse
no experience with a specified patient population
describe a proficient nurse
understands a patient situation as a whole rather than as a list of tasks — see long term goals for patient and understands how today’s interventions will help the patient in the future
describe an expert nurse
has intuitive grasp if a clincial situation and zeroes in on the accurate solution using intuition— recognizing patterns; learns to attend to a pattern of assessment data and act without consciously labeling it
