diagnostic reasoning

Question 1

what is diagnostic reasoning

Answer 1

process of analyzing health data and drawing conclusions to identify diagnoses

Question 2

what might a novice examiner do

Answer 2

effectively collect data but treat all data the same

Question 3

what might a expert examiner do

Answer 3

rapidly collect data and determine which of the data is significant on the basis of previous experience

Question 4

how can a nurse make a more accurate diagnoses

Answer 4

develop a consistent approach for collecting and analyzing data

Question 5

what should you do with data that appears casual or associated

Answer 5

cluster or group together the data

Question 6

what can clustering data help expert examiners do even though the process may be slow at first

Answer 6

can recognize patterns more quickly as they recall results from previous situations

Question 7

what is a cue

Answer 7

important information such as sign or symptom or a piece of laboratory or imaging data

Question 8

what is an example of a cue

Answer 8

elevated heart rate, blood pressure, and respirations may be associated with anxiety

Question 9

what types of reasoning are used as you work from initial diagnosis to diagnosis

Answer 9

abductive, deductive, and inductive reasoning

Question 10

what is abductive reasoning

Answer 10

thinking to determine the best explanation with the information at hand

Question 11

what is abductive reasoning based on

Answer 11

incomplete data – must move to deductive and inductive reasoning

Question 12

what is deductive reasoning

Answer 12

draw from general principles of physiology and pathology

Question 13

what is inductive reasoning

Answer 13

using signs and symptoms as a guide

Question 14

what is the nursing process

Answer 14

5 step process that includes assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation

Question 15

what happens during assessment phase

Answer 15

gather data from medical record and patient and complete assessment

Question 16

what happens during diagnosis phase

Answer 16

clinical findings are interpreted and clinical judgement is used to determine a diagnosis

Question 17

what happens during planning phase

Answer 17

on basis of diagnosis, you will formulate goals and outcomes in collaboration with the patient

Question 18

what happens after planning is complete

Answer 18

you will implement the plan and evaluate the results

Question 19

based on evaluation of the results what might you need to do

Answer 19

reassess or change original plan

Question 20

what was the clinical judgement model developed for

Answer 20

as a way of structuring nursing education to enhance clinical judgement skills of novice practitioners

Question 21

what does transitioning from novice to expert go through

Answer 21

goes through critical thinking

Question 22

what do novice practitioners usually need

Answer 22

clear-cut rules to guide actions

Question 23

what do expert practitioners use

Answer 23

critical thinking in order to assess and modify if indicated before acting

Question 24

describe a novice nurse

Answer 24

no experience with a specified patient population

Question 25

describe a proficient nurse

Answer 25

understands a patient situation as a whole rather than as a list of tasks — see long term goals for patient and understands how today’s interventions will help the patient in the future

Question 26

describe an expert nurse

Answer 26

has intuitive grasp if a clincial situation and zeroes in on the accurate solution using intuition— recognizing patterns; learns to attend to a pattern of assessment data and act without consciously labeling it