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Theory & Methods > Diagnostic Ophthalmic Agents 1 > Flashcards

Diagnostic Ophthalmic Agents 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Type of ophthalmic unit that is only used one time

A

single-dose unit (SDU)

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2
Q

Why are you able to only use Single-dose units once?

A

They do not stop microbial growth because they are preservative-free.

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3
Q

How much medication does a single dose vial hold?

A

0.4-0.8 mL/vial

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4
Q

Type of ophthalmic unit that is intended for repeated use

A

Multiple dose preserved unit and Multiple dose preservative free unit (MDPF)

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5
Q

Why are you able to use the multiple dose (preserved) units more than once? What is the benefit of this?

A

It contains preservatives that have an antimicrobial action that rapidly limits growth and kills microorganisms.
This benefits in increasing shelf life.

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6
Q

What are some common preservatives in multiple-dose bottles?

A

Benzalkonium chloride (BAC or BAK), polidronium, polyhexylmethylbiguanide (PHMB), chlorhexidine, thimerosal (contains mercury)

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7
Q

How are some multiple dose bottles able to not have preservatives in them?

A

They contain a one-way valve that dispenses one sterile drop only which closes after each use. Also has a filter that protects the solution from airborne microorganisms.

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8
Q

What are some examples of multiple-dose preservative-free products?

A

ClearEyes Pure Relief
RESTASIS MultiDoseTM
Oasis Tears PF
Refresh Relieva PF
hydraSense drops

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9
Q

What are the 7 types of ophthalmic formulations?

A

1) Ophthalmic solution
2) Ophthalmic suspension
3) Ophthalmic gel
4) Ophthalmic emulsion
5) Ophthalmic ointment
6) Ophthalmic dye
7) Ophthalmic preparation

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10
Q

What ingredients do ophthalmic solutions contain?

A

aqueous solution that contains saline, buffering salts, and polymers

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11
Q

What do buffering salts do in ophthalmic solutions? What is the shelf life?

A

Maintain pH from 5.0 to 8.0. Makes the patient more comfortable when the drop is received. The shelf life is 2 years which is long.

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12
Q

Period between date of manufacture (DOM) and use-by date

A

shelf life

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13
Q

What’s the purpose of polymers in ophthalmic solutions?

A

They increase the viscosity which makes solution last longer on the corneal surface.

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14
Q

Commonly used polymers in ophthalmic solutions

A

-cellulose derivatives
-polysaccharides (sodium hyaluronate or gellan gum)
-carbomer (crosslinked poly(acrylic acid)) -polyvinyl alcohol
-poloxamers
(poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide) block copolymers)

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15
Q

What ophthalmic formulation gives a milk appearance and contains solid particles dispersed in solute?

A

Ophthalmic suspension

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16
Q

What does an ophthalmic suspension contain solid particles dispersed in the solution?

A

It increases contact time when on the eye.

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17
Q

What must you do before dispensing an ophthalmic suspension?

A

Shake the bottle because solid particles need to be re-dispersed into the liquid

18
Q

How big are the particles in a suspension?

A

<10 microns
Not big enough to irritate the surface fo the eye

19
Q

What ophthalmic formulation is a highly viscous solution with a saline aqueous base and mucoadhesive polymer?

A

Ophthalmic gel

20
Q

What attaches an ophthalmic gel to tissue?

A

bioadhesion

21
Q

One advantage and one disadvantage of using ophthalmic gel

A

Advantage: Increases contact time on surface of eye/tissue.
Disadvantage: Blurs vision temporarily

22
Q

What ophthalmic formulation is prepared by dissolving active ingredient into oil phase, then emulsifying agents and water vigorously to form a uniform water-in-oil emulsion

A

Ophthalmic emulsion

22
Q

What ophthalmic formulation is prepared by dissolving active ingredient into oil phase, then emulsifying agents and water vigorously to form a uniform water-in-oil emulsion?

A

Ophthalmic emulsion

23
Q

Process in ophthalmic emulsions that reduces oil droplet size to sub-micron size to stabilize droplet

A

Homogenation process

24
Q

Does an ophthalmic emulsion preparation separate into its different components after letting it sit?

A

No

25
Q

What appearance does an ophthalmic emulsion have?

A

Milky appearance

26
Q

What ophthalmic formulation is a non-aqueous preparation of emollient fats?

A

Ophthalmic ointment

27
Q

Describe how ophthalmic ointments interact with water or saline.

A

Not generally immiscible so it does not form homogenous mixture.

28
Q

The melting point of ophthalmic ointments

A

Near body temperature

29
Q

What has the longest contact time of the ophthalmic formulations?

A

Ophthalmic ointments (2-4x longer)

30
Q

What ophthalmic formulation is a dried strip that must be wet with saline to be able to be applied to the eye?

A

Ophthalmic dye

31
Q

What is an ophthalmic prescription?

A

Prescription for eye; must request sterile ophthalmic preparation to be used in or around eye. Sterile by law.

32
Q

When applying a drug to the eye, ___% active drug is absorbed into cornea and conjunctiva

A

5%

33
Q

What percent of the drug goes into aqueous humor?

A

1%

34
Q

What percent of the drug is delivered to the nasolacrimal duct or wiped from the surface?

A

95%

35
Q

What do you need to confirm before instilling the drug?

A

Brand Name
Concentration
Expiration Date

36
Q

How do you document a drug that you are instilling?

A
  1. Drug name and concentration
  2. # of drops instilled
  3. Time of instillation
37
Q

How long should a patient close their eye after instilling an ointment?

A

1 minute

38
Q

How long would you hold punctal occlusion for?

A

1-3 minutes

39
Q

How long would the patient close their eyes when doing passive lid closure?

A

1-3 minutes.

Theory & Methods (11 decks)

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