diagnostic imaging technique

Question 1

dense material show up as black or white?

Answer 1

white

Question 2

air in lung in X-Ray is which color

Answer 2

black

Question 3

fat and muscle is which color on x-ray

Answer 3

shade of grey

Question 4

what is the ABCS approach of X-ray interpretation

Answer 4

Alignment and joint space
Alignment- Fracture, subluxation or dislocation
Joint space- narrowing due to cartilage loss, calcification, new bone formation

Bone texture
Altered density or disruption

Cortices
Trace around the bone as a step on the cortex may indicate fracture or other pathology

Soft tissues
Swelling, foreign bodies or effusion

Question 5

does x-ray is safe for developing fetus

Answer 5

no

Question 6

what is a CT scan

Answer 6

Combines a series of x-ray images taken from different angles and uses computer processing to create cross sectional images or “slices” of bones, vessels or soft tissue inside your body

Question 7

why is CT scan used

Answer 7

Diagnose muscle or bone disorder

Pinpoint location of infection, tumour or fracture

Guide procedures such as surgery, biopsy and radiation therapy

Detect and monitor diseases and conditions such as cancer, heart disease, lung nodules and liver masses

Monitor the effectiveness of certain treatments, such as cancer treatment

Detect internal injuries and internal bleeding

Question 8

which one between CT-scan and X-ray use more radiation

Answer 8

CT

Question 9

what can help evaluate meniscus teat or chondromalacia patella

Answer 9

fluid injected into knww -> turn white

Question 10

avantage of ultrasound

Answer 10

SAFE! – no radiation, no biological effects
Quick
Portable
Low cost!
Able to be done over metal
Can be done dynamically
Extension of clinical assessment

Question 11

what type of imaging is the gold standart for RC tear

Answer 11

done in conjection with CT + ultrasound

Question 12

ultrasound is good to capture what

Answer 12

Good at capturing soft tissues, muscles and ligaments

Question 13

which type of imaging use High frequency sound waves that bounce off of tissues and organs to create a multi-dimensional image

Answer 13

ultrasound

Question 14

what type of imaging use Technique that uses magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed images of organs and tissues in the body

Answer 14

MRI

Question 15

which type of imaging technique produces 3D images that can be looked at from different angle

Answer 15

MRI

Question 16

does MRI expose body to radiation

Answer 16

no

Question 17

what is the gold standart for diagnosing soft tissu injuries

Answer 17

MRI

Question 18

MRI For Bones and Joints help evaluate for

Answer 18

Joint abnormalities caused by traumatic or repetitive injuries, such as torn cartilage or ligaments
Disk abnormalities in the spine
Bone infections
Tumors of the bones and soft tissues

Question 19

MRI for Brain and Spinal Cord help diagnose

Answer 19

Aneurysms of cerebral vessels
Disorders of the eye and inner ear
Multiple sclerosis
Spinal cord injuries
Stroke
Tumors
Brain injury from trauma

Question 20

MRI for Heart and Blood Vessels assess for

Answer 20

The size and function of the heart’s chambers
Thickness and movement of the walls of the heart
The extent of damage caused by heart attack or heart disease
Structural problems in the aorta, such as aneurysms or dissections
Inflammation or blockages in the blood vessels

Question 21

Absolute Contraindications
for MRI

Answer 21

Cardiac implantable electronic device (ex. Pacemakers, implantable debrillators)
Metal pieces
Piercing, metallic fragments (bullets)
Magnetic dental implants
Drug infusion pumps (ask to remove)
Artificial limb
Hearing aid

Question 22

Relative Contraindications
for MRI

Answer 22

Tattoos less than 6 weeks old
Shunts (coronary/peripheral artery stents, airway)
Medication patch (remove)
Joint replacement or prosthesis
Pt unable to obey breathing instructions or has severe claustrophobia
BMI (unable to fit in narrow machine)

Question 23

T1- weighted MRI Color of:
CSF/fluid
Muscle
Spinal cord
Fat (subcutaneous tissue)
Disc (intact an hydrated)
Air
Inflammation (edema, infarction, demyelination)

Answer 23

Dark
Grey
Grey
Bright (white)
Grey
Very Dark
Dark

Question 24

T2- wighted MRI color of CSF/fluid
Muscle
Spinal cord
Fat (subcutaneous tissue)
Disc (intact an hydrated)
Air
Inflammation (edema, infarction, demyelination)

Answer 24

Bright (white)
Dark Grey
Light Grey
Light
Bright
Very Dark
Bright

Question 25

what is commonly used to diagnose OA

Answer 25

DEXA scan

Question 26

goal of DEXA scan

Answer 26

: Designed to measure density of body tissue, does not produce high quality picture Measures mineral content of the bones in certain areas of the skeleton
Measures bone loss as you age

Question 27

bone scan is used to

Answer 27

Used to detect stress fracture of the long bones and vertebrae, degenerative diseases, infections, or tumours of the bone
To look at bone metabolism

Question 28

what do you need to used to detected stress fracture if you only have 4-5% of bone loss

Answer 28

bone scan

Question 29

when do you know if a bone scan is abdnormal

Answer 29

Abnormal when scan shows darker “hot spots” or lighter “cold spots”

Question 30

What is a Bone Scan Used For?

Answer 30

Arthritis
Avascular necrosis
Bone cancers
Fractures
Fibrous dysplasia (scar like tissue to grow in replace of bone)
Paget’s disease (weakened bone)
Infections involving bone

Question 31

EMG is used as

Answer 31

as a diagnostic procedure to assess the health of muscles and the nerve cells that control them
Reveal nerve dysfunction, muscle dysfunction or problems with nerve to muscle signal transmission

Question 32

EMG is used to diagnose/rule out what

Answer 32

Muscle disorders (muscular dystrophy)
Diseases affecting the connection between the nerve and muscle
Disorder of nerves outside the spinal cord (i.e. carpal tunnel or peripheral neuropathies)
Disorders that affect motor neurons in the brain/spinal cord (polio)
Disorders that affect the nerve root, such as herniated disc

Question 33

what type of imaging can show abnormalities in asymptomatic people

Answer 33

Bone scan, MRI and ultrasound