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PM Exam 2 > Diagnostic Imaging > Flashcards

Diagnostic Imaging Flashcards

1
Q

X Ray

A

The energy that is produces a radiograph

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2
Q

Radiograph

A

What we are looking at

Conventional radiograph - what we call an X-ray

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3
Q

Radiologist

A

Physician

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4
Q

Why does it work

A

Ionizing radiation delivered to the objects within the path and parameter of the beam
Very harmful - so we have guidelines for how much radiation someone can be exposed to with certain ages

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5
Q

Plain Film

A

Hard copy
Not as common, but areas that can’t afford digital will still use these hard copies
Film is a piece of acetate held btw two sheets of silver emulsion
Photochemical reaction takes place in the area the radiation beam hits the film
Causes silver to precipitate out and turn the film darker

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6
Q

Computed Radiography

A

Soft copy
Replaces the need for the photochemical processing that plain film requires
Radiation is absorbed on a phosphor screen which is scanned by a laser
The image is converted into an analog signal which is then processed into a digital image

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7
Q

Digital Radiography

A

Semiconductor material is used to convert the radiation into an electrical charge
Electrical charge goes through a series of other conversions ending up as a digitized signal

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8
Q

Computed Radiography vs. Digital Radiography

A 
Computed = like hard copy, but you can store the response directly and you can manipulate it to some degree
Digital = you can manipulate the input to change your image, has allowed for 3D imaging and CAT scans
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9
Q

Harmful?

A

Yes… to cells that have high levels of mitosis (bone marrow, testes, ova, intestinal epithelium, epidermis)

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10
Q

Radiodensity

A

The more dense and object is, the more radiation energy it will absorb
The thicker an object, the more energy will be absorbed
Objects that absorb a lot of energy are said to be radiodense
Objects that absorb less energy are radiolucent

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11
Q

Process of Attenuation

A

Object will absorb some of the energy, it will reflect that energy, and it will refract that energy
Basically, the idea of how much energy actually gets to the receptor

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12
Q

Air

A

Radiolucent - Black

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13
Q

Fat

A

Black/Gray (low radio density - radiolucent)

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14
Q

Water

A

Gray (low radio density - radiolucent)

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15
Q

Bone

A

White

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16
Q

Contrast

A

More radiopaque than bone (white)

17
Q

Metal

A

Most radiopaque (white)

18
Q

CAT scan

A

computerized image with different slices of the body put together by a computer and it reads the densities and gives you different shades of grey

19
Q

Contrast

A

Contrast medium is something that is injected in to the body to allow for a better image to occur
Contrast Media is used to provide an artificial density to tissues
Radiopaque materials = positive contrast
Radiolucent, Air = negative contrast - used in joint imaging

20
Q

Distortion

A

How we position - can produce distortions

21
Q

Imaging Techniques and Analysis

A 
Position = Body part of the patient, what position is it in
Projection = From entry to exit of the beam
22
Q

Viewing Convention

A

As if patient was facing you

Always view as if the patient is facing you in anatomic position

23
Q

Radiograph Viewing

A

Film Markers and Labels

- help with determining the view

24
Q

Identification Markers

A

Patient ID
Anatomic Side
Special Markers
Initials of the tech taking the radiograph

25
Q

Positions

A

Anatomic position is used as reference point
Ex: Supine, Standing, Weight Bearing
What part of the body is closest to the film

26
Q

Projection

A

Name based on the direction the x-ray beam travels

Body part examined is the closest to the film

27
Q

AP Projection

A

Anteroposterior
Beam travels in anterior to posterior direction
Film is position on the posterior of the body part

28
Q

PA Projection

A

Posteroanterior
Beam travels in a posterior to anterior direction
Film is positioned on the anterior aspect of the body part

29
Q

Lat

A

Lateral
Beam moves from the lateral aspect of the body part in a medial direction
At right angles to the AP/PA projection
Can be further named as right or left - named for the side positioned next to the film
Ex: Left lateral - go in from right to left, will image the left better than the right

30
Q

Oblique

A

Beam moves through the body at an angle
On a radiograph of the trunk or head, the side is named according to which is positioned closest to the film
Ex: Right oblique - we are imaging out the right side

31
Q

ABCs

A

Alignment
Bone Density
Cartilage Space
Soft Tissues

32
Q

Alignment

A

Architecture
Contour
Alignment with other bones, normal spacing and spatial relationship
Absent bones, additional bones
Looking at relationship of bones or tissue structures in relation to one another
Always count the bones

33
Q

Bone Density

A 
General density/quality of the bone
Shades of gray
Is it what you expect it to be? 
Textural abnormalities
Local density
34
Q

Cartilage Space

A

Joint space width
Subchondral bone
Epiphyseal plate
Is it what we expect?

35
Q

Soft Tissues

A 
Muscles
Fat pads and lines
Joint capsule
Periosteum
Other soft tissues
36
Q

Standard Projections

A

The routine images that are typically done
Series of guidelines for diagnostic imaging choices
need 2 projections 90 degrees from each other before can diagnose
Standard is an AP and a lateral

37
Q

Skeletal Pathology

A

There are characteristic features in many pathological conditions of the musculoskeletal system
Clinical Knowledge - onset, presentation, is needed to increase the accuracy of the interpretation

38
Q

PTs and Radiographs

A

We can’t order diagnostic imaging
We can refer to radiologist in most states
If we think someone needs diagnostic imaging, we need to refer them to their physician who can then oder the imaging but we have to be able to back up why we think diagnostic imaging is needed
We look at images ourselves, read the report, should be able to pick up on the larger scale things

39
Q

Image quality depends on…

A

Density
Contrast
Detail
Distortion

PM Exam 2 (1 decks)

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