Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

ICM Unit 4 MSK > Diagnostic Evaluations in Musculoskeletal Cond. > Flashcards

Diagnostic Evaluations in Musculoskeletal Cond. Flashcards

1
Q

Ionizing radiation is..

known to..

A

Bad
Produce cellular mutations - cancer, teratogenic

only medically necessary dx exams using X-ray/CT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Ionizing radiation include..

A

Radiography
Computed Tomography
Nuclear Scintigraphy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Non-ionizing radiation

A

Magnetic Resonance
Echocardiography

Not harmful; not teratogenic (other ex= UV light, visible light, electromag waves)

Dont break bonds or alter molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Interchangeable terms with plain film x-ray

A

Radiograph
Image
Film

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Image …

A

any type of rendering of a radiological exam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

X-ray other terms

A

radiograph/film/image

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cassette

A

holds the film or digital plate (more common)

goes behind anatomic site to capture and put on digital form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Computed radiography

A

most basic
cheaper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Digital Radiography

A

more expensive
no cassette for this sys (auto loads onto digital)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

PACS

A

Picture Archiving and Communication System

“mac daddy” of radiology
provides off site interpretation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The “Colors” of Radiology

A

Radiopaque (radiodense)
Radiolucent
In between

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Radiopaque (radiodense) appears,,

A

white

ex) bone, foreign objects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Radiolucent appears

A

black

ex) air, fx lines in bones

Less x-ray absorbed and more penetrating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

In n between appears

A

gray

ex) subQ fat, tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

X-ray/plain films

term used for “white”

A

Increased density:
opaque or radiopaque

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

x-ray/plain films

terms used for “black”

A

decreased density
Lucent or radioloucent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Computed Tomography

Terms used for “white”

A

Increased attenuation:
hyperintense or hyperdense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Computed Tomography

Terms used for “black”

A

Decreased attenuation
Hypodense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Terms used for “white”

A

increased signal intensity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Terms used for “black”

A

decreased signal intensity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Ultrasound (US)

terms used for “white”

A

increased echogenicity
(sonodense)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Ultrasound (US)

terms used for “black”

A

decreased echogenicity
(sonolucent)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Nuclear Medicine

terms used for “white”

A

increased tracer uptake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Nuclear Medicine

terms used for “black”

A

decreased tracer uptake:
photopenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Barium studies terms used for "white"
radiopaque
26
Barium studies terms used for "black"
nonopaque; radiolucent
27
Radiopaque materials
- resist passage of x-rays ex) lead shield - no x-ray will penetrate so will absorb almost all
28
Radiopaque "shadows" material appear
white on plain films on x-ray WHITE = DENSE = RADIOPAQUE
29
Fab 5 densities of plain film
Radiopaque (white) Radiolucent (black) "shades of gray" most intermed. density tissues air, fat, soft tissue/fluid, bone, FB
30
X-ray : Radiolucent = BLACK explain penetration/passage of x-rays
lot of penetration of x-rays b/c they are thin/lucent substances super penetration of x-rays
31
the most radiolucent of plain film is
air
32
Radiolucent "shadows" appear
DARK on film
33
MC x-ray orders
P/A and lateral views
34
Contrast: Fabricated radiopacity
"dye" in laymans terms use word "contrast" as medical professional Good for vascular pathological findings - better with IV contrast Think about renal func of pt (BUN and Cr first)
35
IV Contrast contraindications
Metformin - held day of to prevent Lactic acidosis CRF - baseline Cr level (IV contrast can shut kidneys down - MUST KNOW level) Allergies : iodine, shellfish (b/c contain I)
36
IV contrast example
Omnipaque or Isovue-300
37
"plain films" imply
regular x-ray
38
"study" or "examination" = ...
imaging test you are ordering (not specific)
39
Contrast material or "dye" many forms
oral IV can use both - abd CT for ex
40
Obtain what when doing x-rays
MULTIPLE VIEWS can appear normal in just one view the more the better
41
X-ray views for everything (how many?)
2 knee, chest, elbow, hip, tib/fib b/c only so many ways to move these joints
42
how many views do you obtain of wrist and ankle down?
3 (A/P, lateral, and oblique) wrist down = wrist, hand, fingers ankle down = ankle, foot, toes
43
3 basic rules of approach to radiology
1) point where two DIFF radiographic densities meet, there is a border/interface/line = BILL 2) on plain x-ray, diff colored shadows represent diff radiographic densities-period ; point where they meet is "BILL" 3) at the point where 2 materials of SAME radiography density meet, no "BILL"
44
if two materials of the same radiographic density meet...
any pre-existing border, interface, or line disappears
45
When to use plain x-ray
- direct trauma or blow to appendicular skeleton - arthritic changes, gout, suspicion of osteomyleitis - ALWAYS on lacerations pts to r/o FB
46
dont use plain x-ray for
suspected soft tissue injury (MCL, ACL) head/trauma/spine trauma - not good enough
47
When to use CT
Significant trauma to axial skeleton - ED : head injury w/ LOC/neuro deficit (skull fx concern or traumatic head bleed) - maxilliofacial trauma - ED: C/T/L spine column
48
When to use MRI
specialist/ primary care - stable pt w/ - plain films, ongoing joint discomfort - no mechanism of direct blow to joint but pt symptomatic ("twisting" mechanisms of injury or overuse)
49
use plain film to R/O RB before close lac
wood hard to ID on plain film (or non-metallic items) explore wound with naked eye
50
Recognizing fractures what to do...
trace around cortex of bone and notice any change in BILL open fractures are an EMERGENCY
51
X-rays for almost ALL MSK complaints start but
cannot see ENTIRE circum. of tubular bone (despite obtaining multiple views) not sensitive for soft tissue abnormalities
52
what radiology tests can see entire bone circumference including internal matrix?
CT and MRI MRI it the BEST study for soft tissue and bone marrow
53
effect of bone physiology on the appearance
- reflect general metabolic status - continuously undergoing remodeling - osteoclastic/blastic activity depend on presence of viable blood supply to bring cells to bone - respond to mechanical forces
54
Decreased density on x-ray Focal :
localized osteolytic metastasis Multiple myeloma Osteomyelitis
55
Decreased density on x-ray Duffuse:
osteoporosis hyperparathyroidism Rickets osteomalacia
56
Increased density on X-ray Focal:
localized osteolytic metastasis AVN of bone (avascular necrosis) Paget dz
57
Increased density on X-ray Diffuse:
Diffuse osteoblastic metastasis Osteoporosis (rare) - "marbling" of bone
58
Findings associated w/ osteomyelitis
- focal cortical bone destruction - periosteal new bone formation - inflamm changes assoc: soft tissue swelling - adults, infxn usually in joint spaces order MRI if pt symptomatic and x-ray looks normal
59
metastatic bone lesions distal to knee or elbow indicates
METS pt eaten up w/ cancer (usually from breast or lung CA)
60
what is study choice of bone density?
DEXA (dual energy x-ray) b/c conven. radiographs insensitive for detecting osteoporosis ; 50% mass must be LOST b4 recognized on x-ray!
61
Arthrocentesis indications
- to obtain synovial fluid for analysis to differeniate joint dz from crystal induced arthritis or septic arthritis - dz of ligamentous or bone injury - therapuetic
62
Arthrocentesis contraindications
Absolute : infxn in tissues overlying puncture site Relative: known bacteremia may lead to hematogenous spread
63
Arthrocentesis complications
infxn bleeding allergic rxn to local anesthetic
64
Arthrocentesis interpretation of results orders
orders = cell count, culture, crystal analysis, protein, uric acid, lactate, glucose
65
Arthrocentesis interpretation of results WBC >50,000/mm3 highly sugg. of
septic joint can be seen w/ gout ; but + crystals, no bacteria on culture, clin pres that makes sense
66
Arthrocentesis interpretation of results high & of neutrophils on diff suggest
septic joint
67
Arthrocentesis interpretation of results joint fluid to serum glucose ratio of __ suggests
50% septic joint
68
Arthrocentesis interpretation of results crystal analysis
gout from uric acid crystals have - bifringence pseudogout from Ca crystals have + bifringence

ICM Unit 4 MSK (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions