Diagnostic Criteria

Question 1

What are the diagnostic criteria for PTSD?

Answer 1

1. Trauma exposure:
   - ->exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence (directly experienced; witnessed; learning of trauma occurring to close family member or friend; experiencing repeated or extreme exposure to aversive details of traumatic event)
2. Intrusion/Re-experiencing symptoms (involuntary intrusive memories; dreams; dissociative flashbacks; intense distress at reminders; physiological reactions to reminders)
3. Avoidance
   - ->avoiding memories and feelings of reminders
   - ->avoiding external reminders)
4. Mood /Cognition – 2 symptoms
   - ->unable to remember aspects of event
   - ->negative beliefs about self/world
   - ->distorted cognitions about cause/consequences of trauma
   - ->negative emotional state
   - ->decreased interest/withdrawal
   - ->detachment
   - ->unable to experience positive emotions
5. Hyperarousal – 2 symptoms
   - ->irritable/angry outbursts
   - ->reckless/self-destructive
   - ->hypervigilance
   - ->exaggerated startle
   - ->concentration problems
   - ->sleep disturbance
6. Duration of symptoms >1 month

Question 2

What are the diagnostic criteria for Major Depressive Disorder?

Answer 2

Five or more of the following for 2 weeks, must include a. or b.:

a. Depressed mood (most of the day, nearly every day)
b. Diminished interest/pleasure in almost all activities
c. Weight loss / gain or change appetite
d. Insomnia or hypersomnia
e. Observable psychomotor agitation or retardation
f. Fatigue/loss of energy
g. Worthlessness or excessive guilt
h. Poor concentration or indecisiveness
i. Recurrent thoughts of death

Question 3

What are the diagnostic criteria for Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Answer 3

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

1. Excessive anxiety and worry (apprehensive expectation) most days for 6 months about a number of activities or events
2. Difficult to control the worry
3. Associated with 3 of the following:
   - -> Restlessness, on edge
   - -> Easily fatigued
   - -> Trouble concentrating, mind going blank
   - -> Irritability
   - -> Muscle tension
   - ->Sleep disturbance

Question 4

What are the diagnostic criteria for Panic Disorder?

Answer 4

1. Recurrent unexpected panic attacks. Panic attack= abrupt surge of intense fear/discomfort, peaks in minutes, with 4 of the following:

GENERAL
–> Trembling, shaking

SKIN
–> Sweating

PULMONARY

• -> Shortness of breath
• -> Choking

CV

• -> Dizziness, light-headedness, unsteady
• -> Palpitations, pounding heart
• -> Chest pain, discomfort

GI
–> Nausea, abdominal distress

NEURO

• -> Chills or heat
• -> Paresthesias

PSYCHIATRIC

• -> Derealization or depersonalization
• -> Fear of losing control or going crazy
• -> Fear of dying

2. A panic attack has been followed by 1 month of:
   - -> Worry about additional panic attacks
   - -> Maladaptive change in behavior related to attacks (e.g., avoidance behaviors)

Question 5

What are the diagnostic criteria for Schizophrenia?

Answer 5

1. Two of the following for 1 month, must include a., b., or c.:
   a. Delusions
   b. Hallucinations
   c. Disorganized speech (incoherence, derailed speech)
   d. Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
   e. Negative symptoms (avolition, diminished emotional expression)
2. Marked diminishment in functioning (e.g., in work, self-care, relationships) since onset
3. Continuous signs of disturbance for 6 months, including prodromal or residual periods

Question 6

What are the diagnostic criteria for Bipolar Disorder Type I?

Answer 6

1. Manic episode
   a. Distinct period of abnormally elevated, expansive or irritable mood and abnormally and persistently increased goal-directed activity or energy, for 1 week.
   b. During the period, three of the following:
   
   • -> Inflated self-esteem, grandiosity
     - -> Decreased need for sleep
   • -> More talkative than usual, pressured speech
   • -> Flight of ideas or racing thoughts
   • -> Distractibility
   • -> Increased goal-directed activity or psychomotor agitation
   • -> Excessive involvement in activities that have high potential for painful consequences

(Manic episode may have been preceded by and may be followed by hypomanic or major depressive episodes. Criteria for Bipolar Disorder Type I is at least one lifetime history of manic episode.)

Question 7

What are the diagnostic criteria for Substance Use Disorders?

Answer 7

Substance Use Disorders

Problematic pattern of use of an intoxicating substance leading to clinically significant impairment/distress manifested by two of the following for 12 months:

1. MORE & MORE: Substance often taken in larger amounts or over longer period than intended
2. CRAVING: craving or strong urge to use substance
3. CONTROL. Persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control use
4. TOLERANCE shown by either of the following:
   - ->Need for markedly increased amounts of substance to achieve desired effect

–>Markedly diminished effect with continued use of the same amount of substance

5. TIME. Great deal of time spent in activities to obtain, use, or recover from effects of substance
6. SOCIAL: Important social or occupational activities reduced because of substance use
7. RECURRENCE: Recurrent substance use in situations in which it is physically hazardous
8. OBLIGATIONS: Recurrent substance use results in failure to fulfill major role obligations
9. CONTINUATION: Continued substance use despite recurrent social problems caused by effects of substance
10. “PROBLEMS?”: Substance use is continued despite knowledge of having physical or psychological problem that is likely caused or exacerbated by substance use

11 WITHDRAWAL shown by either of the following:
–>A characteristic withdrawal syndrome for the substance

–>The substance or related substance is taken to relieve or avoid withdrawal symptoms

(Severity: Mild: 2-3 symptoms; Moderate: 4-5 symptoms; Severe: 6 or more symptoms)