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Cardio Unit 3 - Week 9 > Diagnostc Tests For Pulmonary Function > Flashcards

Diagnostc Tests For Pulmonary Function Flashcards

1
Q

What do arterial blood gases asses?

A

Problems related to acid-base balance, alveolar ventilation and oxygenation

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2
Q

Normal pH value and range

A

Value = 7.40
Range = 7.35-7.45

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3
Q

Normal PCO2 (mmHg) value and range

A

Value: 40
Range: 35-45

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4
Q

Normal PO2 value and range

A

Value: 97
Range: >80

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5
Q

Normal HCO3- value and range

A

Value: 24
Range: 22 - 28

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6
Q

Normal % sat value and range

A

Value: 97%
Range: >95%

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7
Q

What does PaCO2 directly reflect?

A

Adequacy of alveolar ventilation

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8
Q

PaCO2 levels for hyperventilation

A

< 40 mmHg

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9
Q

PaCO2 levels for Hypoventilation

A

> 40mmHg

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10
Q

PaCO2 value for ventilatory failure

A

> 50 mmHg

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11
Q

What is ventilatory failure severity determined by?

A

The extent of acidemia and the repedity of the change of pH

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12
Q

What is acid-base balance an assessment of?

A

Blood pH - nature and magnitude of respiratory and metabolic disorders

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13
Q

What regulates the acid-base balance?

A

Lungs and kidneys

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14
Q

How do you determine the nature and severity of the illness with accuracy when it comes to blood gas analysis?

A

Relationship of arterial pH and arterial CO2 tension is assessed

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15
Q

What does the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation represent?

A

Carbonic acid to bicarbonate ion relationship

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16
Q

What does the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation permit?

A

A quick identification of four primary disorders based on pH and CO2

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17
Q

What organ regulates bicarbonate?

A

Kidneys

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18
Q

Normal human blood pH

A

7.4

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19
Q

What level of pH is academia?

A

< 7.4

20
Q

What does low HCO3 lead to?

A

Metabolic acidosis

21
Q

What does high PaCO2 lead to?

A

Alveolar Hypoventilation and hypercapnia

22
Q

What is the pH level of alkalemia?

A

> 7.4

23
Q

What does high HCO3 cause?

A

Metabolic alkalosis

24
Q

What does low PaCO2 cause?

A

Alveolar hyperventilation, hypocapnia

25
Q

What does base excess (BE) reflect?

A

Concentration of bicarbonate in body

26
Q

What is normal PaO2?

A

80 to 100 mmHg

27
Q

What level of PaO2 causes hypoxemia?

A

< 80 mmHg

28
Q

What causes respiratory acidosis?

A

Hypoventilation
Over sedation
Head trauma
NM disorders
Cardiac arrest
Chest trauma
COPD
Pneumonia

29
Q

Symptoms of respiratory acidosis?

A

Tachycardia
Confusion
Drowsiness
Dizziness
Minimal if chronic (COPD)

30
Q

Causes of metabolic alkalosis?

A

Loss of acid from GI tract or kidney
Increased HCO3- reabsorption or generation

31
Q

What causes loss of acid from GI tract or kidney?

A

Vomiting
Laxative abuse

32
Q

What causes increased HCO3- reabsorption or generation?

A

Excessive use of antacids

33
Q

Symptoms of metabolic alkalosis

A

Tetany
Hypertonic muscles
Numbness
Asymptomatic

34
Q

What causes metabolic acidosis?

A

Increased production of acids
Decreased acid excretion by kidneys
Loss of alkali

35
Q

What causes increased production of acids?

A

Ketoacidosis
Lactic acidosis

36
Q

What causes decreased acid excretion by kidneys?

A

Renal failure

37
Q

What causes loss of alkali?

A

Diarrhea

38
Q

Symptoms of metabolic acidosis

A

DOE
Deep, rapid breathing
Disorientation
Fatigue
Weakness

39
Q

Causes of respiratory alkalosis

A

Hyperventilation
Hypoxemia
CHF
PE

40
Q

What can cause hyperventilation?

A

Anxiety/fear/pain
Excessive mechanical ventilation

41
Q

Symptoms of respiratory alkalosis

A

Numbness and tingling of lips and extremities
Dizziness
Sinus arrhythmia

42
Q

What is pulse oximetry an indirect measure measurement of?

A

O2 saturation

43
Q

Normal saturation is …?

A

> /= 95%

44
Q

Mild hypoxemia PaO2 level

A

60-80 mmHg

45
Q

Moderate hypoxia PaO2

A

40-60 mmHg

46
Q

Severe hypoxia PaO2

A

< 40mmHg

Cardio Unit 3 - Week 9 (7 decks)

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