Diagnosis of Quantitative Abnormalites Flashcards
What does anemia with reticulocytosis suggest?
Hyperregenerative anemia
-Hemolysis or Hemorrhage
What are the Hemolysis screening tests?
- Lactate Dehydrogenase (Increased)
- Haptoglobin (Decreased)
- Bilirubin (Increased)
Causes of Intravascular hemolysis. (6)
- Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia
- Complement fixation on RBC
- Mechanical Heart Valve
- Oxidant stress (G6PD deficiency)
- Snake Venom
- Infection
What are causes of Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia? (4)
- DIC
- HUS
- TTP
- HELLP
What causes complement fixation on the red cell surface? (3)
- ABO incompatibility
- PNH
- PCH
What infections cause Intravascular hemolysis?
- Malaria
- Babesiosis
- Clostridium
Reactive Neutrophilia:
- count
- morphologic findings
- Does NOT exceed 30x10^3
- Toxic granulations, Dohle bodies, Cytoplasmic vacuoles
*immature cells - bands and metamyelocytes
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML):
- presentation
- P.smear (3)
- Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase score
-Unexplained and prolonged neutrophilia P.Smear: -Lacks "toxic" morphology -Basophilia -"Myelocyte Bulge"
-LAP score is DECREASED
Infectious monocytosis is most commonly caused by what infections? (4)
- EBV
- CMV
- HIV (acute)
- Toxoplasmosis
The peripheral blood “monocytosis” is caused by a proliferation of what cell type?
Reactive T-Lymphocytes
The syndrome of persistent polyclonal B lymphocytosis:
- Population
- Morphology
- Hypergammaglobulinemia type
- Cytopenias (yes/no)
- HLA type in most people
- Young adult female smokers
- Indented to bilobed nuclei with abundant pale cytoplasm
- Polyclonal IgM
- NO cytopenias
- HLA-DR7+
Reactive lymphocytosis in children:
- Classic association
- Morphology
- Pertussis
- Small, mature lymphs w/ clefted nuclei (Reider cells)
CMML findings:
- Persistent monocytosis w/ immature forms
- Splenomegaly
Syndromes associated with Eosinophilia. (4)
- Cellulitis (Well syndrome)
- Pneumonia (Loeffler syndrome)
- Fasciitis (Schulman syndrome)
- Vasculitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome)
Which cytokine stimulates the eosinophil lineage?
IL-5
What is the most common cause of neutropenia (agranulocytosis)?
Medications
Felty syndrome triad.
- Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Splenomegaly
- Neutropenia
What infections are associated with Neutropenia? (4)
- Typhoid fever
- Brucellosis
- Tularemia
- Rickettsia
*In neonates and elderly, overwhelming sepsis of any cause
Which type of lymphocyte is most likely to be noted in the total lymphocyte count?
T-cell deficiencies
What causes pseudothrombocytopenia (platelet clumping/satellitosis)
EDTA artifact (1% of hospitalized patients)
What should you do if a p.smear shows platelet clumping/satellitosis?
recollect in Citrate or Acid-Citrate-Dextrose (ACD)
What syndromes are associated with large/variably sized platelets?
- Bernard-Soulier
- May-Hegglin
*more commonly indicate increased marrow production
Where do you see small platelets?
- Glanzmann thrombasthenia
- production defects
What is the most common cause of thrombocytopenia in children?
Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)
