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Diagnosis oral med > Diagnosis lec1 > Flashcards

Diagnosis lec1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define oral diagnosis

A
  1. It is the art of using scientific knowledge
  2. to identify oral disease processes
  3. and to distinguish one disease from another.
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2
Q

Give example on a systemic disease being reflected on oral cavity and what does it show?

A

diabetes

ulcers

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3
Q

Define Symptoms

A

(Personal feeling)
This information is always subjective
(patient’s own experiences)
Can be described by a parent or guardian.

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4
Q

Give examples on symptoms

A

Pain, paresthesia, past occurrence of bleeding or swelling.

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5
Q

Define Signs

A

always objective

Detected by the examiner through the physical examination

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6
Q

Give examples on signs

A

Discoloration of teeth or soft tissues

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7
Q

Technical aid

A

Any technical or special instrument

used to help establish a diagnosis.

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8
Q

Give examples on technical aid

A

pulp tester, biopsy and x-ray.

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9
Q

What are the types of diagnosis?

A 
1- Spot diagnosis.
2-Tentative diagnosis.
3- Differential diagnosis.
4- Definitive diagnosis.
5- Comprehensive diagnosis.
6- Emergency Diagnosis.
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10
Q

What is an overlap?

A

symptoms that are also seen by doctor

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11
Q

Give examples on overlap

A

fever
bleeding
swelling

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12
Q

Define spot diagnosis

A

The immediate and rapid diagnosis of the disease

based on minimal data.

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13
Q

Give examples on spot diagnosis

A

pizza burn which lead to palatal ulcer

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14
Q

Define tentative diagnosis

A

It is a primary diagnosis before all diagnostic data
are assembled.

(look at example in the lecture notes)

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15
Q

Define differential diagnosis

A

Is categorization of data to develop a list of two or more different diseases

having common primary clinical
presentation

(though different in etiology).

Final diagnosis can be reached by “exclusion”.

(look at the example in the lecture notes)

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16
Q

Define definitive diagnosis

A

The final diagnosis recorded by accurate available data.

case history, clinical examination and special investigations

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17
Q

Define comprehensive diagnosis

A

It is done for the patients requiring total dental care. (performing a “problem list”) caries, exposure, edentulous areas, etc…

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18
Q

Define emergency Diagnosis:

A 
To manage a   chief  complaint   that   requires immediate attention e.g.: pain,
 bleeding or acute infection.
SOOOO…. NO
1- Adequate history.  
2-Full clinical examination.
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19
Q

What are the objectives of diagnosis/

A
  1. Establishing a proper diagnosis.
  2. Determination of pre-existing medical condition
    3.Determination of undiagnosed systemic conditions
  3. Managing emergencies :
    (Under anticoagulant, ready with emergency medication)
  4. Patient management :
    Psychological evaluation of the patient
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20
Q

What are the diagnostic methods?

A
  1. collection of info
  2. evaluation of info
  3. diagnostic decisions
  4. re-assessment
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21
Q

Define patient history

A

It is the description of past events and related information that contributes to the assessment
of the patient’s health.

it is the backbone of diagnosis

22
Q

what is the backbone of diagnosis?

A

patient history

23
Q

What are the methods for obtaining a patient’s history?

A
  1. Printed questionnaires.
  2. Patient interview.
  3. Combination of both.
24
Q

Printed Questionnaire advantages

A
  1. broad in scope
  2. consistent
  3. time saving
25
Q

Printed Questionnaire disadvantages

A
  1. impersonal
  2. lack in depth
  3. inflexible
26
Q

Direct interview advantages

A
  1. flexible
  2. personal in contact
  3. question in depth
27
Q

Direct interview disadvantages

A
  1. time consuming

2. not consistent

28
Q

What are the methods of presenting questions during the diagnostic interview

A
  1. Open -ended questions
  2. Closed-ended questions
  3. Leading questions
  4. Indirect questions
  5. Loaded questions
  6. Contradiction questions
29
Q

What is an open -ended question?

A

give a chance for the patient to talk freely(to be able to form a spoken account of connected events.

30
Q

What is a closed-ended question?

A

Simple and specific answers are expected

Do you smoke? (Yes or No).

31
Q

What is a leading question?

A

Suggests the answer within the question.

32
Q

What is an indirect question?

A

Is a way of revealing information beyond what is

requested by the question.

33
Q

What is a loaded question?

A

Emotional element is inserted into the phrasing to get the patient’s attention.

34
Q

What is a contradiction question?

A

Allows the patient to resolve the contradiction.

35
Q

What are the components of the patient’s history?

A
  1. Personal history.
  2. Chief complaint.
  3. History of the chief complaint.
  4. Past dental history.
  5. Past medical history.
  6. Personal habits and social history.
  7. Family history.
36
Q

What does the identification Data (Administrative Chart) contain?

A
  1. NAME
  2. AGE
  3. GENDER
  4. BIRTH PLACE
  5. RACE
  6. ADRESS
  7. PHONE NOMBER
  8. OCCUPATION
  9. MARITAL STATUS
  10. GARDIAN NAME AND ADDRESS
  11. PHYSICIAN NAME AND ADDRESS
37
Q

Why is the name important?

A
  • Record keeping .

- Better communication between the dentist & the patient.

38
Q

Why is the date of birth important?

A

Important for diagnosis of certain diseases that occur commonly in certain age groups & rarely in others.

39
Q

Why is gender important?

A

Patients who carry names that could be taken
for both sexes as Esmat, Nour…
Some diseases are common in male & vice versa

40
Q

Why is the birth place important?

A

Detection of disease acquired in childhood
• dental fluorosis (water from wells)
• deficiency diseases as rickets & malnutrition
• bilharisiasis in Egyptian villages

41
Q

Why is address important?

A

To know patient’s social background

Patients living near factories are liable for pulmonary disease

42
Q

Why is the phone number important?

A

Recalling of patient

43
Q

Why is the occupation important?

A

because diagnosis of some disease will be based on nature of patient’s work

44
Q

What are the example of occupation environments that cause dental problems?

A
  1. Industrial use and manufacture of ACIDS
  2. SHOE-maker job
  3. LEAD intoxication in workers in battery factories
  4. MERCURY intoxication in workers in fluorescent lamp manufactures.
45
Q

What does industrial use and manufacture of ACIDS cause?

A

1- Tooth erosion
2- Discoloration
3- Decalcification of the enamel
4- Inflammation of the mucosa.

46
Q

What does SHOE-maker job cause?

A

notch in the incisal edges of the anterior teeth

47
Q

What does LEAD & MERCURY intoxication in workers in battery factories cause?

A

These heavy metals may form dark metallic line on the patient’s gingiva.

48
Q

Why is the marital status important?

A

Marital status may be a source of
1- Psychological stress
2- Infection

49
Q

What does psychological stress cause?

A

Predispose to certain oral diseases such as lichen planus and aphthous ulceration.

50
Q

Which types of infection are related to marital status?

A

T. B., AIDS, and other viral infections.

51
Q

Why is the parent or guardian name and address important?

A
  1. Provide the patient history for a child or legally disabled adult.
  2. Give consent for treatment
  3. Will be responsible for payment of fees.
52
Q

Why is the physician name and address important?

A

In some instances, the only DEPENDABLE SOURCE OF INFORMATION may be the patient’s physician.

Diagnosis oral med (1 decks)

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