Diagnosis and treatment of TB

Question 1

how is diagnosis of TB confirmed

Answer 1

identifying mycobacteria tuberculosis

Question 2

in pulmonary through what test is TB diagnosed

Answer 2

3 morning sputum samples for culture and microscopy

Question 3

in extra-pulmonary through what test is TB diagnosed

Answer 3

biopsies/aspirations for culture and microscopy

Question 4

what is looked for in a microscopy

Answer 4

identifying AAFB which is indicative of a mycobacterial infection

Question 5

are all positive AAFB samples TB

Answer 5

NO

Question 6

what is looked for in histology

Answer 6

granulomas

in TB: central area of necrosis: caseating granulomas

Question 7

how is latent disease identified

Answer 7

• Heaf test/Mantoux skin test

- Interferon Gamma Release Assay (IGRA)

Question 8

what type of therapy is given for TB

Answer 8

prolonged combination therapy of 4 drugs

Question 9

why is a combination therapy given

Answer 9

reduce dug resistance

Question 10

what is the common duration of treatment

Answer 10

6 months

Question 11

in what cases may treatment be prolonged eg 12 months

Answer 11

nervous/bone disease

Question 12

what is the standard treatment rule

Answer 12

4:2/2:4

4 drugs for 2 months / 2 drugs for 4 months

Question 13

what drugs are given in TB

Answer 13

Isoniazid (H) - 6 months
Rifampian (R) - 6 months
Pyrazinamie (Z) - 2 months
Ehambutol (E) - 2 months

Question 14

what are the side effects to the drugs

Answer 14

H - hepatitis, peripheral neuropathy
R - orange urine, hormal contraceptive method ineffective, hepatitis
Z - hepatitis, gout
E - optic neuropathy (check eyes)