diagnosis and treatment Flashcards
loss of the ability to feel pain, as by administration of a drug
anesthesia
listening for sounds within the body, usually within the chest or abdomen
auscultation
removal of a small amount of tissue for microscopic examination
biopsy
destruction of tissue by a damaging agent, such a harmful chemical, heat, or electric current (electrocautery); cauterization
cautery
the use of chemicals to treat disease
chemotherapy
removal by cutting
excision
the process of determining the cause and nature of an illness
diagnosis
an instrument for examining the inside of an organ or cavity through a body opening or small incision:
endoscope
most endoscopes use fibertopics for viewing
holding or fastening a structure in a fixed position
fixation
a method for evaluating a tumor based on microscopic examination of the cells
grading
a cut, as for surgery, also the act of cutting
incision
treatment that involves stimulation or suppression of the inmune system, either specifically or nonspecifically
inmunotherapy
visual examination of the body
inspection
instrument used for examining the ears
otoscope
an instrument for examining the interior of the eye
ophthalmoscope
providing relief but not cure; s treatment that provides such relief
palliative
a device that transforms light into a beam of intense heat and power; used for surgery and diagnosis
laser
to unite parts by stitching them together; also the thread or other material used in that process or the seam formed by surgical stitching
suture
examining by placing the hands or fingers on the surface of the body to determine such characteristics as texture, temperature, movement, and consistency
palpation
an instrument used for listening to sounds produced within the body
stethoscope
any evidence of disease; sometimes limited to subjective evidence of disease, an experienced by the individual, such as pain, dizziness, weakness
symptom
a method for treating disease or injury by manual operations
surgery
treatment; intervention
therapy
an ancient chinese method of inserting thin needles into the body at specific points to relieve pain, induce anesthesia, or promote healing: similar effects can be obtained by using firm finger pressure at the surface of the body in the technique of acupressure
acupuncture
a method for learning control of involuntary physiologic responses by using electronic devices to monitor bodily changes and feel this information back to a person
biofeedback
a science that stresses the condition of the nervous system in diagnosis and treatment of disease; often, the spine is manipulated to correct misalignment; most patients consult for musculoskeletal pain and headaches
chiropractic
a philosophy of treating disease by administering drugs in highly diluted form along with promoting healthy life habits and a healthy environment
homeopathy
a therapeutic philosophy of helping people to heal themselves by developing healthy lifestyles, naturopaths may use some of the methods of conventional medicine
naturopathy
a system of therapy based on the theory that the body can overcome disease when it has a normal structure, a favorable environment, and proper nutrition;____________ use standard medical practices for diagnosis and treatment but stress the identification and correction of faulty body structure
osteopathy
enlargement of the ends of the fingers and toes because of growth of the soft tissue around the nails; seen in a variety of disease, especially lung and heart disease
clubbing
acute abdominal pain associated with smooth muscle spasms
colic
bluish discoloration of the skin due to lack of oxygen
cyanosis
profuse sweating
diaphoresis
a feeling of discomfort or uneasiness, often indicative of infection
malaise
pertaining to or occurring at night
nocturnal
paleness; lack of color
pallor
a symptom indicating an approaching disease
prodrome
a sound, usually abnormal, heard in auscultation
bruit
a lasting effect of a disease
sequela
a fetal protein that appears in the blood of the adults with certain types of cancer
alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)
a temporary loss of consciousness because of inadequate blood flow to the brain; fainting
syncope
the expression or appearance of the face
facies
pertaining to fever
febrile
the branch of medicine concerned with the use of radioactive substances (radionuclides) for diagnosis, therapy, and research
nuclear medicine
the branch of medicine that uses radiation, such as x-rays, in the diagnosis and treatment of disease
radiology
a group of signs and symptoms that together characterize a disease condition
syndrome
an instrument for examining a canal
speculum
a thin tube that can be passed into the body; used to remove fluids from or introduce fluids into a body cavity
catheter
the introduction of fluid into the body, other than orally, as into the rectum or abdominal cavity; also refers to the solution thus used
clysis
the washing out of a cavity; irrigation
lavage
a salt (NaCl) solution compatible with living cells; also called physiologic saline solution (PSS)
normal saline solution (NSS)
prevention of disease
prophylaxis
puncture of a cavity for removal of fluid
paracentesis
device for allowing matter to escape from a wound or cavity; common types included Penrose (cigarette), T-tube, Jackson -Pratt (J-P), and Hemovac
drain
a tie or bandage: the process of binding or tying (also called ____)
ligature
partial excision of a structure
resection
in surgery, the joinging of tissue by using wire staples that are pushed through the tissue and then bent
stapling
one who specializes in surgery
surgeon
standing erect. facing forward, arms at sides, palms forward, legs parellel, toes pointed forward
anatomical position
lying down, specifically according to the part of the body resting on a flat surface, as in left or right lateral decubitus, or dorsal or ventral decubitus
decubitus position
on back, with legs bent and separated, feet flat
dorsal recumbent position
on back, head of bed raised about 18 inches, knees elevated
fowler position
prone with the buttocks raised
kraske (Jackknife) position
on knees, head and upper chest on table, arms crossed above head
knee-chest position
on the side with one leg flexed, arm position may vary
lateral recumbent position
on left side, right leg drawn up high and forward, left arm along back, chest forward resting on bed
sims position
on back, legs flexed on abdomen, thighs apart
lithotomy position
lying face down
prone
lying face up
supine
on back with head lowered by tilting bed back at 45° angle
trendelenburg position
