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Diagnostic imaging > Diagnosis and Interpretation > Flashcards

Diagnosis and Interpretation Flashcards

1
Q

Achondroplasia findings:

A

Champagne glass pelvis, splayed cupped metaphysis, small skull base

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2
Q

Acromegaly findings:

A

Large sella turcica, arrowhead phalanges, heel pad >23mm, prominent EOP

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3
Q

Aneurysmal bone cyst findings:

A

Soap-bubble metaphyseal lytic lesion, filled with blood, ballooning of cortex

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4
Q

AS findings:

A

Shiny corners, Romanus lesions, dagger sign, bamboo spine

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5
Q

Blount findings:

A

Wedge shaped dense medial upper end of tibia, overweight and black kids

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6
Q

Chandler findings:

A

AVN of head of femur, patchy sclerosis and lucency, crescent sign

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7
Q

Chondroma findings:

A

Eccentric lucent lesion in metaphysis with cortical depressions

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8
Q

Chondroblastoma findings:

A

Oval epiphyseal lytic lesion in lower or upper tibia, fluffy cotton wool

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9
Q

Condromyxoid fibroma findings:

A

Round/elongated lesion eccentriclly located, thins the cortex

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10
Q

Chondrosarcoma findings:

A

Intramedullary lytic soap-bubble lesion, speckled calcification in tibia

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11
Q

Cushing’s syndrome findings:

A

Cod-fish vertebra, generalized osteoporosis, compression fractures

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12
Q

Enchondroma findings:

A

Geographic central expansile lesion w/stippled calcification, hands or feet

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13
Q

Enchondomatosis findings:

A

Numerous intramedullary lesions in long bones, phlebolith calcifications

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14
Q

Eosinophilic granuloma findings:

A

Geographic lesion in medullary region, destructive moth-eaten appearance

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15
Q

Ewing’s sarcoma findings:

A

Diaphyseal permeative, onion-skin appearance with cortical saucerization

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16
Q

Fibrous dysplasia findings:

A

Circumscribed lytic lesion, ground glass, soap-bubble, shepherd’s crook

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17
Q

Fibrosarcoma findings:

A

Lytic metaphyseal lesion extending into diaphysis, soft tissue involved

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18
Q

Freiberg’s disease findings:

A

AVN, sclerosis, fragmentation, deformation of 2nd metatarsal head

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19
Q

Giant cell tumor findings:

A

Eccentric metaphyseal lesion across epiphyseal line, soap bubble appearance

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20
Q

Hemangioma findings:

A

Osteolytic lesion, corduroy cloth, striated vertebrae, picture frame like

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21
Q

Hemophilia findings:

A

Articular irregularity, wide intercondylar femoral groove, soft tissue swelling

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22
Q

Kienbock findings:

A

AVN, dense sclerotic lunate w/partial fragmentation and collapse

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23
Q

Kohler findings:

A

AVN partial fragmentation, sclerosis and collapse of navicular bone

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24
Q

Lymphoma in bone findings:

A

Ivory vertebra, punched-out lytic lesion, bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy

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25
Q

Non-ossifying fibroma findings:

A

Solitary oval radiolucent defect thin cortex, bunch of grapes appearance

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26
Q

Osteitis condensans ilii findings::

A

Triangular sclerosis of lower ilium near SI jt, bilateral symmetrical

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27
Q

Osteopoikilosis findings:

A

Multiple small rounded radiopacities in ends of long bones

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28
Q

Oseoblastoma findings:

A

Eccentric lytic lesion in metaphysic or diaphysis or neural arch

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29
Q

Osteochondritis dessicans findings:

A

AVN medial femoral epicondyle, ankle, hip, elbow, arc-like cleft, fragment

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30
Q

Osteochondroma findings:

A

Broad-based bone outgrowth-culiflower (mushroom) or coat-hanger look

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31
Q

Osteoid osteoma findings:

A

Lecent lesion <2cm surrounded by a rim of dense bone, long bone or spine (relieved by aspirin)

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32
Q

Osteoma findings::

A

Dense sclerotic well-circumscribed lesion rarely >2cm in skull or sinuses

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33
Q

Osteomalacia findings::

A

Pseudofractures in long bones, decreased bone density, coarsened trabeculae

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34
Q

Osteomyelitis findings:

A

Soft tissue swelling, periosteal elevation, Brodie’s abscess, involucrum, teeth marks, decreased joint space

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35
Q

Osteosarcoma findings:

A

Blastic meaphyseal permeative lesion, Codman triangle, sunburst appearance

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36
Q

Paget’s disease findings:

A

Cotton wool skull, mixed blastic/lytic lesion, pelvic brim and candle flame sign, ivory vertebra, picture frame vertebra, large vertebra

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37
Q

Pelligrini-Stieda disease findings:

A

Ossification of medial knee collateral ligament - trauma

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38
Q

Preiser findings:

A

AVN sclerosis and fragmentation of proximal pole of scaphoid

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39
Q

Scleroderma findings:

A

Soft tissue retraction, calcinosis cutis, acro-osteolitis

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40
Q

Scurvy findings:

A

Frankl’s line, Pelken’s spur, Wimberger’s ring

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41
Q

Sever findings:

A

AVN fragmented irregular sclerosis of calcaneal apophysis

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42
Q

Simple Bone Cyst findings:

A

Expansile geographic defect in proximal humerus or femur, fallen fragment sign

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43
Q

Sprengel’s deformity findings:

A

Small elevated scap, omovertebral bone, Klippel Feil (blocked vertebra, occipitalization, platybasia, wasp-waist sign)

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44
Q

Enostoma is?

A

Island of bone in vertebra

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45
Q

syndesmophytes in AS compared to DISH/Psoriatic arthritis and Reiter’s

A

Thin, marginal

Thick, non-marginal, lumpy

46
Q

Primary malignancy in old? young?

A

Multiple myeloma

Osteosarcoma

47
Q

Second most common primary malignancy in the old? YOung?

A

Chondrosarcoma

Ewing sarcoma

48
Q

Monteggia fracture findings:

A

Fracture of proximal ulna and dislocation of proximal radio-ulnar joint

49
Q

Night stick fracture findings:

A

Midshaft fracture of ulna

50
Q

Galeazzi fracture findings:

A

Fracture/dislocation through distal radius and dislocation of distal radio-ulnar joint

51
Q

Anterior lunate dislocation findings:

A

slice of pie sign with volar orientation of lunate

52
Q

Scapholunate dissociation findings:

A

Terry Thomas sign: increase space btw scaphoid and lunate

53
Q

Madelung deformity findings:

A

V shaped proximal carpal row with dorsal dislocation of ulna and exaggerated deviation of hand

54
Q

Basstrup’s findings:

A

formation of neo-arthrosis btw two adjacent spinous processes (kissing vertebra disease)

55
Q

Canal stenosis findings:

A

relative 10-13 mm

Absolute <10mm

56
Q

DISH findings:

A

Calcification of ALL, normal disc height, flowing anterior syndesmophytes of at least 4 vertebral bodies, dripping candle wax appearance, associated with diabetes and dysphagia

57
Q

Chance fracture findings:

A

Horizontal fracture through neural arch and vetebral body; MC L1/2

58
Q

Clay shoveler fracture findings:

A

through spinous of C7 - hyperflexion injury

59
Q

Hangman fracture:

A

Through pedicle of C2

60
Q

Tear drop fracture:

A

Avulsion fracture from anterior inferior aspect of cervical vertebra due to hyperextension injury

61
Q

Hahn’s lines:

A

Horizontal lines for venous channels in vertebral body

62
Q

Limbus bone:

A

Small piece of bone in line with vertebral body and round edges

63
Q

Os odontoideum vs ossiculum terminale:

A

Gap btw base of dens and body of axis due to failure of dens to fuse w/rest of axis
Unossified growth plate btw dens and axis; normal btw 10-20 years

64
Q

Spatulization refers to:

A

Hypertrophy of TVP of L5

65
Q

Spondylolisthesis types:

A

I: Dysplastic/congenital
II: isthmic/pars fracture MC @L5
III: degenerative MC in females >40 @L4
IV: Trauma through neural arch
V: pathological (Paget’s, 1o/metastatic cancer)
VI: iatrogenic; related to surgical intervention

66
Q

Duverny fracture findings:

A

Fx through lasteral aspect of iliac wing

67
Q

Malgaigne fracture findings:

A

ipsilateral vertical fracture through superior and inferior pubic rami

68
Q

Intracapsular fractures of femoral neck:

A

Subcapital, midcervical, basicervical

69
Q

Extracapsular fractures of femoral neck:

A

Intertrochanteric and subtrochanteric

70
Q

Otto’s pelvis findings:

A

Primary defect in pelvis causing inward bulge of both acetabuli

71
Q

Rider’s bone findings:

A

Ossification of origin of tendon of adductor longus

72
Q

Pott’s/Dupuytren’s/Bimalleolar fracture findings:

A

Distal fibular above lateral malleolus w/avulsion medial malleolus caused by severe eversion injury

73
Q

Lisfranc fracture findings:

A

Multiple fractures just below heads of 2/3rd mets, lateral displacement of bases of 2-4th mets, increased space btw 2/3rd mets

74
Q

Sinus tarsi findings:

A

Tunnel seen btw neck of talus and anterosuperior aspect of calcaneus

75
Q

Atelectasis findings:

A

Consolidation, air bronchogram with tracheal deviation to affected side

76
Q

Bronchopneumonia findings:

A

Patchy bilateral basal consolidation

77
Q

Emphysema findings:

A

Hyperinflated lung fields, thin mediastinum, flattened diaphragm and large retrocardiac and retrosternal windows

78
Q

Histoplasmosis findings:

A

Popcorn egg shell calcification in hilar lymph node or coin lesion in lungs

79
Q

Lung abscess findings:

A

Round lesion w/air-fluid interface on inside

80
Q

Perforated peptic ulcer findings:

A

Air under R dome of diaphragm (pneumoperitoneum)

81
Q

Pleural effusion findings:

A

Obliteration or blunting of one costophrenic angle w/meniscus sign, if large may be associated w/tracheal deviation away from affected side

82
Q

Pneumonia findings vs pneumocytis jiroveci pneumonia:

A

Segmental or basal, air bronchogram and silhouette sign
VS
ground-glass appearance of both bases

83
Q

Pulmonary embolism findings:

A

Hampton’s hump/wedge-shape consolidation w/rounded convex apex

84
Q

Sarcoidosis findings:

A

Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, diffuse pulmonary fibrosis

85
Q

Tension pneumothorax findings:

A

Unilateral hyperinflated lung field with tracheal and mediastinal deviation away from affected side

86
Q

Coin lesion in a chest film can indicate:

A

Histoplasmosis, TB, RA (Caplan’s lung)

87
Q

Miliary calcification in a chest film can indicate:

A

TB, histoplasmosis, silicosis

88
Q

Acute pancreatitis findings:

A

sentinel loop of distended small bowel

89
Q

Chronic pancreatitis findings:

A

speckled calcification on either side of upper lumbar vertebra

90
Q

PCOS findings:

A

String of pearls sign on US = multiple (10+) cysts btw 2-8mm in peripheral of both ovaries

91
Q

Renal A calcification findings:

A

Cheerio sign anterior to vertebral body on lateral film

92
Q

TB in psoas muscle findings:

A

Calcification in psoas

93
Q

Volvulus findings:

A

Inverted U or coffee-bean sign, dilated loop of bowel filling pelvis and abdomen

94
Q

Wormian bones are found in what pathologies?

A

Clediocranial dysostosis, osteogenesis imperfecta, Down’s syndrome

95
Q

Chamberlain’s line:

A

Line btw posterior tip of hard palate to opisthion if dens >7mm above this line indicative of basilar impression/invagination –> RA, Down’s, Klippel Feil syndrome, Arnold Chiari malformation

96
Q

McGregor’s line:

A

Line btw posterior tip of hard palate to base of occiput if >8mm above line in males and >10 in females indicative of basilar impression/invagination –> RA, Down’s, Klippel Feil syndrome, Arnold Chiari malformation

97
Q

McRae’s line:

A

Line btw basion to opisthion if tip of dens is above this line indicative of basilar impression/invagination –> RA, Down’s, Klippel Feil syndrome, Arnold Chiari malformation

98
Q

Cobb’s angle:

A

Find superior and inferior extremities of scoliosis draw parallel lines through superior and inferior endplates of vertebrae and perpendicular lines from these endplates and measure angle of intersection
<20o monitor and adjust
20-40o ortho brace
>60o possible surgery

99
Q

Hadley S Curve:

A

ON AP Lumbar curved line along inferior margin of TVP and down along inferior articular process to facet joint space should look like an S if interruption may indicate facet imbrication (normal btw T5-T9)

100
Q

Eisenstein’s method:

A

Measure distance btw midpoints of posterior margin of body and line connecting anterior tips of superior and inferior articular facets
<15 mm in lumbar or <13 mm in cervicals = canal stenosis
Relative btw 10-13
Absolute <10mm

101
Q

Ferguson’s base of sacrum angle

A

Draw line through and parallel to base of sacrum draw second line parallel to bottom edge of film measure angle they intersect (26-57 avg 41) increases suggest mechanical factor in cause of LBP by increasing shearing and compressive forces on lumbosacral articulations

102
Q

van Akkerveeken’s line

A

Lateral lumbar spine radiograph in extension draw lines through and parallel to adjacent EP until they intersect posteriorly. Measure distance btw posterior margins of bodies and point of intersection if >1.5mm difference indicative of lumbar instability

103
Q

Klein’s line:

A

Draw line along outer margin of neck of femur should pas through head if it doesn’t SCFE

104
Q

Kohler’s line:

A

Line connects lateral pelvic brim to outer obturator foramen floor of acetabulum shouldn’t cross if it does protrusio acetabuli –> RA, Rickets, Paget’s

105
Q

Macnab’s line:

A

Line through and parallel to inferior EP of vertebra above if through superior articular process facet imbrication present

106
Q

Meyerding’s grades:

A

Base of sacrum into 4 equal parts and note posterior margin of posterior L5 to measure degree of spondylo

107
Q

Ulmann’s/Garland-Thomas line:

A

Draw parallel line which passes through base of sacrum draw perpendicular line from sacral promontory if anterior aspect of inferior part of body of L5 lies beyond this perpendicular line then spondylolisthesis is present

108
Q

Mikulicz’s angle (femoral angle):

A

Line through middle of axis of femur and middle of axis of neck and measure angle btw these lines
120-130 normal
<120 coxa vara
>130 coxa valga

109
Q

Shenton’s line:

A

Curvilinear line along inferior aspect of neck of femur to superior aspect of obturator foramen
If line interrupted, discontinuous then dislocation, femoral neck fracture or SCFE is present

110
Q

Skinner’s Line:

A

Line through middle of axis of femur, horizontal line touches tip of greater trochanter if fovea capitis of head of femur lies below line femoral neck fx or coxa vara (should not be >2mm)

111
Q

Bohler’s angle:

A

Connect three highest points on calcaneus by two lines and measure angle at which these two lines intersect: 28-40o
<28o = calcaneus fracture

112
Q

Heel pad thickness:

A

Shortest distance btw plantar surface of calcaneus and outline of skin, normal 25 mm in males, 23 in females
if greater than this = acromegaly

Diagnostic imaging (2 decks)

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