Diagnosis and Control of Infection Flashcards
3 Types of Transmission
Contact transmission
- Direct
- Indirect
- Droplet
Vehicle or vector transmission
- Vehicle
- Food/ water/ air
- Vector
- Mechanical: transport of disease on vector’s body. e.g. flie
- Biological: pathogen spends part of life cycle in the vector. e.g. mosquito
Horizontal or vertical transmission
Direct, indirect and droplet contact transmission
Direct: Person to person transmission Indirect: Microbe is transferred via a non-living object. Droplet Transmission: Microbes spread in mucus droplets
Vehicle transmission
Transmission of a disease waterborne, airborne or foodborne.
Mechanical and biological vector transmission
Mechanical: Passive transport of pathogen onto patient’s body by an animal. Biological: Pathogen spends part of life cycle in vector and transmitted through a bite (e.g. mosquito)
Horizontal vs vertical transmission
Horizontal: person to person Vertical: Mother to child
Direct and indirect detection methods
Direct: clinical specimen examined for presence of microbe (culture, microscopy…)
Indirect: Blood and other fluids are examined (serological).
Selective toxicity
Refers to the need for drugs to target the pathogen only and not the body.
Term for bacteria killing and bacteria growth inhibitors.
Bactericidal, bacteriostatic.
What the following medium are used for in bacteria culture
Defined medium
Enrichement medium
Selective medium
Differential medium
Effect that can be seen on cells during culture of viruses
Cytopathic effects (changes in appearance such as rounding, detachement, fusion of cells infected)
2 main types of detecting viral DNA or RNA in patient specimen
- hybridisation techniques with nucleic acid probes
* Single stranded radioactive strands are introduced and bind to viral DNA/ RNA, showing their presence - PCR
* used to replicate viral DNA/RNA to have more of it to study
Types of adaptive immunity (active, passive)
