Diagnosis and classification of schizophrenia Flashcards
What percentage of the world population is affected by schizophrenia?
About 1% of the world population
In which groups is schizophrenia more commonly diagnosed?
- Men
- City-dwellers
- Lower socio-economic groups
What are the two major systems for classification of mental disorders?
- WHO’s ICD-10
- APA’s DSM-5
What is required for a schizophrenia diagnosis according to DSM-5?
One of the positive symptoms must be present
What is required for a schizophrenia diagnosis according to ICD-10?
Two or more negative symptoms are needed
Define positive symptoms in schizophrenia.
Atypical symptoms experienced in addition to normal experiences
Positive symptoms of schizophrenia examples
Hallucinations
Delusions
What are hallucinations?
Unusual sensory experiences that can be related to any sense
Provide examples of hallucinations.
- Visual
- Verbal
- Olfactory (smell)
What are delusions?
Irrational beliefs
What common themes do delusions involve?
- Being an important historical figure
- Persecution by government or aliens
- Belief in external control
Define negative symptoms in schizophrenia.
Atypical experiences that represent the loss of a usual experience
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia examples
speech poverty/alogia
avolition
flat effect
What is speech poverty/alogia?
A reduction in amount and quality of speech, characterized by changes in patterns of speech. not able to speak fluently
What does avolition refer to in schizophrenia?
Lack of goal-directed behavior and reduced motivation to carry out activities
What is flat effect?
Virtually no emotional response to stimuli, often resulting in a vacant stare
