Diagnosis and classification of schizophrenia Flashcards
What is schizophrenia?
A sever mental illness where contact with reality and insight are impaired.
What are the two systems of classification of mental disorder?
ICD-10 whic is the WHOs classification and the DSM-5 which is the American classification.
How is schizophrenia classified according to the DSM-5?
It requires a positive symptom such as delusions or hallucinations or speech disorganisation.
How is schizophrenia classified according to the DSM-5?
It requires a positive symptom such as delusions or hallucinations or speech disorganisation.
How is schizophrenia classified under ICD-10?
For diagnosis, two or more negative symptoms must be present. It also recognises subtypes of schizophrenia.
What are the two positive symptoms?
Delusions and hallucinations
What are hallucinations?
Sensory experiences of stimuli that have either no basis in reality or are distorted perceptions of things that are there.
What are delusions?
Beliefs that have no basis in reality such as believing they are someone else or are a victim of a conspiracy.
What are delusions?
Beliefs that have no basis in reality such as believing they are someone else or are a victim of a conspiracy.
What are the two negative symptoms?
Avolition and speech poverty.
What is avolition?
It involves loss of motivation to carry out tasks and results in lowered activity levels.
What is speech poverty?
A reduces frequency and quality of speech.
What are the weaknesses of the diagnosis and classification of schizophrenia?
Poor reliability-when 2 psychiatrists diagnosed 100 patients, they identified 26 according to DSM and 44 according to ICD compared to 13 and 24.
Poor validity-different assessment systems had different diagnoses.
Co-morbidity-Depression, PTSD and OCD make it difficult to differentiate between disorders and makes it difficult to classify
Symptom overlap-There is significant overlap of symptoms of bipolar and schizophrenia and under ICD the may be classified as schizophrenic but under DSM it may be bipoolar.
Gender bias-Men are more likely to be diagnosed than women and this may be due to gender bias and how females are likely to function better than men.
Culture bias-African Americans and those of Afro-Caribbean origin are more likely to be diagnosed with schizophrenia and so this means classification doesn’t work for everyone.
