Diagnosis and Classification of Breast Cancer Flashcards
incidence of breast cancer
1 in 8
cell origin of breast carcinoma
epithelium of ducts (ductal) or lobules (lobular)
true/false - breast cancer is the commonest cause of death in women
false - commonest cancer cause of death
true/false - the incidence of breast cancer is rising
true
give the 3 modifiable risk factors for breast cancer
obesity, alcohol, HRT/COC and not breastfeeding
give 3 genes associated with breast cancer
BRCA1 and 2, p53 and HER2
what other cancer is associated with BRCA1 and 2
ovarian cancer
what is HER2
an oncogene which increases cell division by tyrosine kinase
what BRCA carries a higher risk of breast cancer
BRCA1
give 5 non-modifiable risk factors
older early menarche or late menopause 1st degree relative with pre-menopausal breast Ca BRCA1/2 p53
how does nulliparity increase breast Ca risk
more exposure to oestrogen
what cancer treatment predisposes to breast Ca
radiotherapy for Hodgkin’s lymphoma
two types of non-invasive
ductal and lobular
what is the most common kind of invasive breast cancer
invasive ductal carcinoma
how is the type of tumour identified
core biopsy for histology
what is meant by in-situ
non-invasive, just sitting in the wall without damaging it or spreading
5 molecular classifications of breast Ca
luminal A luminal B basal/triple negative HER-2 positive normal breast-like
what factors determine the molecular classification of the tumour
whether they have eostrogen or progesterone receptors and whether they’re HER2 positive
what % are luminal A
55%
what % are luminal B
15%
what % are HER2 positive
15-20%
if the tumour is HER2 -ve what is the most likely molecular class
luminal A
4 types of imaging for breast Ca
mammogram
US
MRI
nuclear
what does a breast Ca look like on mammogram
calcification, mass, asymmetry and architectural distortion
