Diagnoses Flashcards
What is Paris syndrome?
A short-lived psychological disorder exhibited by some individuals visiting or vacationing in Paris or elsewhere in Western Europe
Name 3 symptoms of paris syndrome
Acute delusional states, hallucinations, feelings of persecution, de-realization, depersonalization, anxiety and also psychosomatic manifestations such as dizziness, tachycardia, sweating
Which psych disorder can be viewed as an extreme form of culture shock?
Paris syndrome
What is Capgras syndrome?
A rare disorder in which a person holds a delusional belief that an acquaintance, usually a spouse or other close family member, has been replaced by an identical looking impostor
What is cyclothymic disorder?
A rare mood disorder that causes emotional ups and downs, but not to the same extreme as bipolar I or II disorder
What are hypomanic symptoms?
Exaggerated feeling of happiness or wellbeing (euphoria), inflated self-esteem, racing thoughts, irritable or agitated behavior, poor judgment that may result in risky behavior
What are depressive symptoms?
Feelings of sadness, hopelessness, tearfulness, irritability, worthlessness or guilt, sleep problems, restlessness, fatigue, thinking of death or suicide
What are the 4 cluster B personality disorders?
Antisocial, borderline, narcissistic, and histrionic
What is antisocial personality disorder?
A pervasive pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others that begins in early childhood or early adolescence and continues into adulthood
Symptoms associated with antisocial personality disorder
Lack of empathy, disregard the law, aggression, impulsive behavior, disregard for others safety, irresponsible behavior and lack of remorse
What is borderline personality disorder?
Problems in interpersonal relationships, self-image, emotion, behaviors and thinking
Symptoms associated with borderline PD
Tend to have intense relationships characterized by a lot of conflict, arguments, and break ups, also having difficulties related to the stability of their identity, reporting ups and downs, engage in risky behavior (self-harming, promiscuous sex)
What is narcissistic PD?
Characterized by inflated sense of self-importance
Symptoms associated with narcissistic PD
Often believe that they are special and should receive excessive attention, take advantage of others, lack empathy, arrogance
What is histrionic PD?
Intense expressions of emotions and excessive attention-seeking behaviour
Symptoms associated with histrionic PD
Seek out attention and are uncomfortable when others receive attention, may express emotion in a very dramatic fashion
What is major depressive disorder?
A pervasive and persistent low mood that is accompanied by low self-esteem and by a loss of interest or pleasure in normally enjoyable activities
How is major depressive disorder treated?
Antidepressants and CBT
Symptoms associated with major depressive disorder
Diminished ability to think or concentrate, indecisiveness, recurrent thoughts of death, suicide thoughts/attempts
This disorder causes significant distress or impairment in social, occupational or other important areas of functioning
Major depressive disorder
What is dysthymic disorder?
Mild but long-term (chronic) form of depression. Symptoms last up to 2 years or longer
Symptoms of dysthymia
Lose interest in normal daily activities, feel hopeless, lack productivity, and have low self-esteem and an overall feeling of inadequacy. People with dysthymia are often thought of as being overly critical, constantly complaining and incapable of having fun.
Medications commonly used to treat dysthymia
- Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
- Serotonin & norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)
- Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)
What is trichotillomania?
An impulse disorder characterized by the compulsive urge to pull out one’s hair, leading to noticeable hair loss and balding, distress, and social or functional impairment.
What is the peak age for trichotillomania?
9-13
Treatment for trichotillomania
Behaviour modification programs
What’s the difference between obsessive compulsive disorder and obsessive compulsive PD?
People with OCD often know that their obsessions and compulsions are abnormal, while OCPD believe their need for strict order and rules is perfectly normal. OCD cannot function in a work environment, OCPD cannot
What is panic disorder?
Recurrent unexpected panic attacks & fear of prompting another attack
Symptoms of panic disorder
Physical (palpitations, rapid pulse, trembling, SOB) OR cognitive (disorganized thinking, irrational fears, fear of going crazy or of going to die)
Age of onset of bipolar disorder
21-30
Bipolar 1
Combinations of major depression and full manic episode (see below for definitions/criteria)
Bipolar 2
Combination of major depression and hypomania (less severe form of mania)
Major depressive episode
Must include depressed mood or loss of interest in almost all activities for at least 2 weeks
Symptoms of major depressive episode
Significant weight loss/gain, insomnia or hypersomnia, psychomotor agitation, fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day, feelings of worthlessness, or excessive delusional guilt, diminished ability to concentrate, recurrent thoughts of death
Manic episode
An abnormally and persistently elevated expansion or irritable mood for a duration of at least 1 week.
Symptoms of a manic episode
Needing little sleep, great amount of energy, talking fast, others can’t follow, racing thoughts, easily distracted, inflated feeling of power, greatness, or importance, reckless behaviour
Hypomanic episode
Only required to persist for 4 days & should be observable by others that the person is noticeably different from his or her regular, non-depressed mood
Treatment for bipolar disorder
Mood Stabilizers • Lithium carbonate • Divalproex sodium • Carbamazepine Anticonvulsants • Oxcarbazepine • Levetiracetam • Lamotrigine • Retigabine
Cotard delusion
“Walking corpse syndrome” - Rare mental disorder in which person holds the nihilistic delusion that he or she is dead or no longer exist
Treatment of cotard delusion
Electroconvulsive Therapy or pharmacological treatments (antidepressant, antipsychotic, and mood stabilizing drugs)
Stendhal syndrome
AKA hyperkulteremia - A psychosomatic disorder that causes rapid heartbeat, dizziness, fainting, confusion, and even hallucinations when an individual is exposed to an experience of personal significance, particularly viewing art.
Schizophrenia
A brain disorder that affects how people think, feel, and perceive the world. The hallmark symptom of schizophrenia is psychosis, such as experiencing auditory hallucinations (voices) and delusions (fixed false beliefs).
Positive symptoms
Reflect an excess or distortion of normal functions, including delusions and hallucinations.
Negative symptoms
Lessening or loss of normal functions, such as restriction or flattening in the range and intensity of emotion (ex: affective flattening)
Generalized anxiety disorder
By persistent and excessive anxiety and worry about occupational, social, and interpersonal situations or events that the individual finds difficult to control
Treatment of GAD
SSRIs and NSSRIs generally considered the first-line long-term treatment. Monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) antidepressants generally are only used when all other options are exhausted
Post traumatic stress disorder
A mental health condition that’s triggered by a terrifying event — either experiencing it or witnessing it
Symptoms of PTSD
Flashbacks, nightmares and severe anxiety, as well as uncontrollable thoughts about the event
Intrusion symptoms
Flashbacks, nightmares, frightening thoughts
Avoidance symptoms
Staying away from places, events, or objects that are reminders of the experience, feeling emotionally numb, feeling strong guilt, depression, or worry, losing interest in activities that were enjoyable in the past, having trouble remembering the dangerous event.
Hyper-arousal symptoms
Being easily startled, feeling tense or “on edge”, having difficulty sleeping, and/or having angry outbursts
ADHD
A pattern of behaviour, which is present in multiple settings (school, work, home ect), that can result in performance issues in social, educational, or work settings
When do symptoms of ADHD typically arise?
Childhood
Symptoms of ADHD
Inattention and hyperactivity
Treatment of ADHD
Stimulants and CBT
