Diagnose PNA Flashcards
Bronchitis
Infection of airways with thick bronchial walls
PNA
More serious
Alveolar capillary is near airspace- inf can penetrate and become bloodborne
Also impairs gas exchange
Dx of PNA: 2 criteroa
Symptoms/signs of LRTI
Imaging
Not 100% specfic
Xray can be negative, CT not
Common PNA symptoms
Cough, fatigue, sputum, chills, sweats, rales
PNA & bronchitis
Cough, sputum, hemoptysis, dyspnea, rhonchi
PNA and not bronchitis
High fever, pleurisy, consolidation, hypoxemia
Influenza A
High fever, chills, myalgia, sore throat
Very rapid onset as compared to PNA
Strep pyogenes
PJP
Usually pharyngitis, rarely PNA
Requires immunocompromise/ rarley phlegm
UAT for strep pneumo
Most common pathogen
Rule in test (high specificity)
H influenza and epiglottitis
high fever, drooling, upright posture
Bacterial vs viral PNA
Elderly/immuno
Some has upper airway symptoms, others have chest symptoms
B- fever, phlegm, hemoptysis
V- dry cough
May not have normal presentation
Staph aureus
uncommon CAP (elderly, drug use, flu)
Skin/soft tissue infection (Cavities)
G+ cocci in clusters
H influenza PNA
G- short bacilli
Typical in chronic bronchitis pt
Lots of sputum
Legionella PNA
Risk
Early findings
Dx with
Not responding to typical antibiotics
Negative GS/culture
Elderly, smokers, IC, contaminated water
Ab pain/diarrhea/slow prodrome/dry cough/ hyponatremia/myalgia
UAT (Serogroup 1) and culture (use azithro)
Atypical PNA presentation
Usual bugs
Mild, protracted prodrome
Cough, UA symp, less fever
Dyspnea
Mycoplasma, chlamydia, legionella, viruses
