Diagenesis

Question 1

encompasses a suite of low temperature processes that affect sediments after their accumulation, typically after burial

Answer 1

diagenesis

Question 2

a process of lithification that results from the expulsion of intergranular fluids caused by increases in confining pressure during progressively deeper burial

Answer 2

compaction

Question 3

a process of lithification that occurs when subsurface fluids precipitate minerals in the spaces between grains that bind or cement grains to one another

Answer 3

cementation

Question 4

what are the major cements in sedimentary rocks

Answer 4

1. silica minerals
2. carbonate minerals
3. iron oxides and hydroxides
4. feldspars
5. clay minerals

Question 5

the most abundant type of silica cement,
occurs chiefly in the form of syntaxial quartz overgrowths in which the silica that precipitates from pore solutions that initially nucleates on pre existing detrital quartz grains

Answer 5

silica minerals

Question 6

the most abundant cements in sandstones and gravelstones.

with calcite being the most abundant

Answer 6

carbonate minerals

Question 7

third most common cementing agents in sedimentary rocks,

with hematite, geothite, and limonite being most abundant

Answer 7

iron oxides and hydroxides

Question 8

occurs in feldspar rich detrital sedimentary rocks such as askosic sandstones and gravel stones

Answer 8

feldspars

Question 9

occurs in feldspar rich detrital sedimentary rocks with clay minerals stabilities being strongly controlled by temperature and pH

Answer 9

clay minerals

Question 10

what are the stages of diagenesis

Answer 10

1. eodiagenesis
2. mesodiagenesis
3. telodiagenesis

Question 11

early shallow diagenesis that occurs shortly after burial

Answer 11

eodiagenesis

Question 12

later deeper diagenesis

Answer 12

mesodiagenesis

Question 13

still later shallow diagenesis that occurs as sedimentary rocks approach the surface due to erosion

Answer 13

telodiagenesis