Diabetic Medications

Question 1

Sulfonylureas:

Answer 1

ides zides, mides, rides”

(most common) stimulate beta cells in pancreas to make insulin (Glyburide, Glipizide, Diabinese, Amaryl)

AVOID ETOH….

extreme hypoglycemia

Question 2

Meglitinides:

Answer 2

“glinide”

Ex: repaglinide “Prandin” stimulate beta cells in pancreas to make insulin…

instruct pts to take first bite with meal

Question 3

Biguanides:

Answer 3

Metformin (Glucophage)….causes the liver to decrease its stores of glucose.

Watch out if patient is scheduled for surgery/procedure (heart cath)…stop for 48 hours and watch renal function…diarrhea

Question 4

Alpha-glucoside inhibitors:

Answer 4

Precose, Glyset lower blood sugar by slowly down the breakdown of starchy foods in the GI system which helps slowly rise the blood sugar…

instruct pts to take first bite with meal

Question 5

Thiazolidinedione:

Answer 5

“glitazone” reduce glucose production in the liver:

Actos/Avandia watch liver function and heart function increase risk of MIs

Question 6

Medications that cause hypoglycemia

Answer 6

Remember from the hypertension lecture that Beta Blockers (mask symptoms of hypoglycemia)

•Other medication that cause it: ETOH, ASA, Sulfonylureas (medications used to treat type 2: Glyburide, Glipizide, Diabinese), and MAO inhibitors (meds for depression) , Bactrim (common antibiotic)

Question 7

Medications that cause hypergycemia

Answer 7

Thiazide diuretics (HCTZ)

Glucocorticoids (Prednisone, Hydrocortisone)

estrogen therapy

Question 8

Insulin

Answer 8

It is used for Type 1 regularly, and sometimes for Type 2 diabetics if the patient is experiencing stress on the body like surgery or illness.

Know the categories of insulin. Example: whether they are rapid, short, intermediate, long acting and the onset, peak, and duration.

Note: Peak is the most susceptible time for hypoglycemia

Question 9

Rapid-Acting Insulin:

Answer 9

“15 minutes feels like an hour during 3 rapid responses.”
•Onset: 15 minutes
•Peak: 1 hour
•Duration: 3

Question 10

Short-Acting Insulin:

Answer 10

“Short-staffed nurses went from 30 patient to (2) 8 patients.”
•Onset: 30 minutes
•Peak: 2 hours
•Duration: 8 hours

Question 11

Intermediate-Acting Insulin:

Answer 11

“Nurses Play Hero to (2) eight 16 year olds.”
•Onset: 2 hours
•Peak: 8 hours
•Duration: 16 hours

Question 12

Long-Acting Insulin:

Answer 12

“The two long nursing shifts never peaked but lasted 24 hours.”
•Onset: 2 hours
•Peak: NONE
•Duration: 24 hours