Diabetic Drugs Flashcards by Adam Aradi | Brainscape

Q

Which diabetic drugs cause weight gain?

A

Thiazolidinediones (-glitazones)

Sulphonylureas

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Q

SGLT-2 inhibitors - examples

A

(-Gliflozins)

Empagliflozin

Canagliflozin

Dapagliflozin

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Q

GLP-1 mimetic - AEs

A

Weight loss

Nausea and vomiting/ GI upset

Dizziness

↑ risk of pancreatitis

*Low risk of hypoglycaemia

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Q

GLP-1 mimetic MoA

A

agonist to GLP-1 incretin

↓ glucagon release

↑ insulin release

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Q

DPP-4 inhibitors - examples

A

(-gliptins)

Sitagliptin

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Q

Sulphonylureas - examples

A

Gliclazide

Glimepiride

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Q

Thiazolidinedione example:

A

(-glitazones)

Pioglitazone

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Q

Thiazolidinedione MoA

A

Activates PPAR Gamma receptor in adiposites

Promotes adipogenesis
Promotes fatty acid uptake

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Q

SGLT-2 inhibitors - MoA:

A

Inhibits glucose reabsorption in proximal tubule

Glucose excreted in urine

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Q

Which diabetic medications cause weight loss?

A

GLP-1 mimetics (sold as WL drugs)
- Exenatide, Liraglutide

SGLT-2 inhibitors:
- (-gliflozins)

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Q

DPP-4 inhibitor - AEs

A

Generally well tollerated

↑ risk of pancreatitis

GI upset

URT symptoms

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Q

Metformin AEs:

A

Cons:
Diarrhoea + abdo pain
Lactic acidosis

Pros:

Weight neutral
doesnt cause hypoglycaemia

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Q

GLP-1 mimetics - examples

A

(-tides)
(Subcut)

Exenatide

Liraglutide

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Q

Metformin MoA:

A

Increases insulin sensitivity

Decreases hepatic gluconeogenesis

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Q

Sulphonylurea MoA

A

Stimulates insulin release from beta cells

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Q

SGLT-2 inhibitors AEs:

A

Glucosuria - causing ↑ UTI risk

Weight loss

↑ risk of DKA

Q

DPP-4 inhibitors - MoA

A

Inhibits DPP-4 which increases GLP-1 incretin activity

↓ glucagon release
↑ insulin release

Q

Thiazolidinedione AEs

A

Weight gain

Fluid retention

Anaemia

↑ risk of bladder cancer

↑ risk of heart failure

doesnt cause hypoglycaemia

Q

Sulphonylurea AEs:

A

Weight gain

Hyponatraemia

Hypoglycaemia

↑ risk of CV disease/ MI when monotherapy

Q

Which diabetic medications need to be given SC

A

GLP-1 mimetics -
- Exenetide, Liraglutide

Insulin