Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharm Test: Diabetes, Thyroid, Adrenal > Diabetes Type 1 > Flashcards

Diabetes Type 1 Flashcards

1
Q

How does the body react to low blood glucose?

A

Glucagon released from alpha cells of pancreas
Insulin goes down
Liver releases glucose into blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How does the body react to high blood glucose?

A

Insulin is released from beta cells

Fat cells take up glucose from blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Drug interactions with Symlin?

A

Delayed gastric emptying: give any oral meds i hour before or 2 hours after Symlin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Contraindications to Symlin?

A 
Gastroparesis
Hypoglycemic unawareness
Recurrent hypoglycemia in last 6 months
A1C over 9%
Poor adherence to insulin or self-monitoring
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What drug has a black box warning for hypoglycemia?

A

Symlin: reduce preprandial insulin by 50% at initiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Adverse effects of Symlin?

A

Hypoglycemia

Nausea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Adverse effects of insulin?

A

Weight gain: increased glucose storage
Lipohypertrophy at injection sites
Hypokalemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is type 4 DM?

A

Gestational DM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is DM?

A

Metabolic disorder:

  • Decreased carb metabolism
  • Increased protein and lipid metabolism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Symptoms of Type 1 DM?

A

Polyuria
Polydipsia
Polyphagia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which type of diabetes usually has ketosis?

A

Type 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are some features of MODY?

A

Under age 25
No insulin resistance and no hypertriacylglycerolemia
Autosomal dominant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What antibodies may be present in Type 1 DM?

A

Islet cell
Insulin
GAD65
Tyrosine phosphatase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What ethnic groups usually have DM Type 1?

A

White people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the rapid acting insulins?

A

Humalog
Analog
Apidra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the long acting insulins?

A

Levemir

Lantus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which long-acting insulin forms micro precipitates when injected into body?

A

Lantus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which long-acting insulin binds to albumin?

A

Levemir

19
Q

Which insulins are helpful w/ gastroparesis?

A

Short-acting:

  • Delayed onset
  • 30 mins before meal
20
Q

Which insulins most closely mimic body’s response to glucose?

A

Rapid-acting

21
Q

In what ratio is NPH/Humalog?

A

75: 25
- Also 50:50
- Rest of NPH mixes are 70:30

22
Q

How should we treat hypoglycemic unawareness?

A

Glucagon kit: 1 mg IM

23
Q

Which insulin administration routes are the fastest acting?

A

IV>IM>SubQ

24
Q

Which insulin administration sites are fastest acting?

A

Belly>Arm>Thigh>Buttocks

25
Q

In which type of DM is amylin deficient?

A

Type 1 and 2

26
Q

Three mechanisms of amylin?

A

Reduced glucagon secretion
Delayed gastric emptying
Reduced of food intake

27
Q

How is Symlin administered?

A

With meals: SubQ

  • Must be over 250 Calories
  • Must have at least 30 g of carbs
28
Q

An A1C level of 6 corresponds to what glucose level?

A

126

7: 154
8: 182

29
Q

Standard of care for Type 1 DM?

A
  • Basal at bedtime

- Rapid-acting bolus before meals

30
Q

Insulin regime for Type 2 DM?

A

Pre-breakfast NPH + Regular
Pre-dinner Regular
NPH at bedtime

31
Q

Which type of insulin has greatest risk for hypoglycemia d/t to peak?

A

NPH: intermediate

32
Q

How much of a patient’s total daily insulin should be basal?

A

50%

33
Q

How many units of insulin can be absorbed at an injection site?

A

50 units

34
Q

What are the two parts to prandial insulin dosing?

A
  1. Insulin to Carbohydrate ratio (I:C)

2. Correction Factor

35
Q

What is the I:C ratio?

A

Grams of carbs covered by one unit of insulin

  • Usually 1:15
  • Or use 500/TDD of insulin
36
Q

What is the correction factor (CF)?

A

Mg/dL the blood glucose will drop after one unit of rapid-acting or regular insulin
-Fast way to calculate: 1500/TDD of insulin

37
Q

When do we use the correction factor?

A

When the pt.’s glucose level is elevated before meal

-Standard is 100: if glucose is 150 then we need to get rid of 50; CF=1:50

38
Q

What is the Somogyi phenomenon?

A

Nocturnal hypoglycemia followed by rebound hyperglycemia

-Usually occurs w/ NPH

39
Q

What hormones are release in Somogyi phenomenon?

A

Glucagon, epinephrine, cortisol, GH

40
Q

Treatment for Somogyi phenomenon?

A

Eat meal before bedtime or increase basal insulin

41
Q

Treatment for Dawn phenomenon?

A

Use NPH at bedtime d/t peak

Or increase basal insulin

42
Q

What immunotherapy is being developed for DM?

A

GAD aluminum vaccine

-C-peptide decreased less after use (C-peptide corresponds to beta cell viability)

43
Q

Signs and symptoms of DKA?

A

Dehydration
Lethargy
N/V

44
Q

Diagnostic criteria for DKA?

A

Hyperglycemia>250
Ketosis (anion gap>10)
Acidosis (pH<7.25)

Pharm Test: Diabetes, Thyroid, Adrenal (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions