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Nutrition Sum 2023 > diabetes stuff > Flashcards

diabetes stuff Flashcards

1
Q

what is considered fasting

A

no caloric intake for 8+ hours

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2
Q

desrtuction of B cells leading to little or no insulin production

A

T!DM

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3
Q

insulin resistance with potential eventual loss of B cell function

A

T2DM

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4
Q

chronic insulin resistance and insulin insufficiency in the brain in alzheimers patients

A

T3DM

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5
Q

Diagnosis of a patient w fasting glucose of 132

A

diabetes

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6
Q

diagnosis of a patients with a fasting glucose of 119

A

pre diabetes

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7
Q

diagnosis of a patient with a fasting glucose of 89

A

normal

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8
Q

onset of DM during pregnancy that resolves after birth

A

gestational DM

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9
Q

what are the cardiovascular complications of DM

A

microvascular damage
enhanced atherosclerosis
higher risk of amputations
CAD
MI
CVA

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10
Q

what are the eye complications of DM

A

diabetic retinopathy
blurry vision
cataracts

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11
Q

what are the neuro complications of neuro

A

increased dementia risk
peripheral sensorimotor neuropathy
autonomic neuropathy

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12
Q

what are the renal compliactions of diabetes

A

diabetic nephropathy

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13
Q

what are the reproductive complications of DM

A

sexual dysfunction

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14
Q

what are the immune complications of DM

A

impaired immune function

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15
Q

what are the skin complications of DM

A

poor peripheral circulation
poor wound healing

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16
Q

what are the ways glycemic control is achieved in type 1 diabetes v type 2 diabetes

A

T1 has to have insulin but can benefit from lifestyle modifications

T2 can technically be treated with ONLY lifestyle modifications.

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17
Q

what type of healthy eating patterns could DM patients prioritize to manage their diagnosis

A

high fiber
moderate to low carb consumption
plant based foods
mediterranean

AVOID TOBACCO

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18
Q

what procedure can DM patients do (specifically T2) to aid in glycemic control

A

bariatric surgery

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19
Q

Impaired fasting BG of 100-125 is considered

A

pre-diabetes

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20
Q

Impaired glucose tolerance of 140-199 is considered

A

pre-diabetes

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21
Q

Elevated HbA1c 5.7-6.4% is considered

A

pre-diabetes

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22
Q

how many carbs, proteins and fats should DM patients try to eat daily.

A

carbs - 30g max HIGH FIBER
fats - doesnt say but try for mono and polyusaturated fats
protein - .8g/kg/day

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23
Q

what kinds of carbohydrates do DM pateints want to consume

A

high fiber, whole grains, fruits and veggies

aka minimally processed and plant based!!

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24
Q

what types of fats should DM patients consume

A

MUFA and PUFA
decreased saturated fats and trans fats

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25
Q

what types of proteins should DM patients try to consume

A

higher intake helps w satiety
plant protein recommended

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26
Q

excess protein can be harmful in which patients

A

CKD

27
Q

what has research shown about carbs

A

they are no less healthy than fats or proteins

28
Q

what are the pros of keto for DM

A
  • encouraged by noticably ealy results
  • faster early weight loss
  • early improvements in glucose
29
Q

What are the cons of keto for DM

A

keto flu
long term compliance is not good

studies show after one year no major differences in glycemic control
(probs be cuase of lack of adherence to diet)

30
Q

how many carbs is 1 unit of rapid acting insulin

A

12-15 grams

31
Q

DMpatients who are counting carbs or are reliant on insulin will especially benefit from what nutrition resource

A

deit exchange lists

32
Q

what is the term used to describe foods that cause a rapid rise in BG followed by a rapid drop in BG.

A

high glycemic index

33
Q

quality of carb related to normal serving size

A

glycemic load

34
Q

quality of a carb (not taking into account normal serving portion)

A

Glycemic index

35
Q

what is low, medium and high GI levels

A

low <55
medium 56-69
high >70

36
Q

what is low, medium and high GL levels

A

low <10
medium 11-19
high >20

37
Q

consuming 5+ servings of this food weekly reduces risk of developing DM by 15-27%

A

nuts

also good for people who already have DM for cardiovascular benefits

DOES NOT LOWER OR IMPROVE GLYCEMIC CONTROL in patients w DM

38
Q

in what situation would a patient with DM who is taking insulin be at very high risk for hypoglycemia

A

when consuming alcohol WITHOUT food

39
Q

contributes to elevated TG and overall worse glucose control

A

excessive alcohol intake

40
Q

what beverage can have a protective effect against DM if it is drank regularly

A

coffee!!!!! LETS GOOOOOOOOO

….. also present in people who drink decaf and tea though.. yuck.

reminder: this is in people who DONT have diabetes

41
Q

what beverage has been shown to raise plasma glucose and insulin levels…. therefore decreasing insulin sensitivity in T2DM patients

A

caffiene.

long term abstinence from caffiene may lower HbA1c

42
Q

Insulin cofactor that MAYBE helps stimulate insulin receptors so we clear out our BG.

A

chromium

43
Q

Insulin cofactor with narrow TI

A

vanadium

causes massive GI upste, not super reccomended

44
Q

we use this to treat elevated TG’s

A

fish oil

45
Q

thought to be healthy due to its bioflavinoud antioxidants but no research to back it up

A

dark chocolate

46
Q

purified refined sucrose

A

white sugar
(disaccharide made of glucose + fructose )

47
Q

disaccharide made of glucose + fructose

A

white sugar (purified refined sucrose)

48
Q

sugar that is less refined and still contains molasses from sugar cane

A

brown sugar

49
Q

contains molasses

A

brown sugar

50
Q

this type of sugar has more calories by volume but less calories by weight

A

brown sugar

51
Q

this type of sugar has more calories by weight but less calories by volume

A

white sugar

52
Q

this sugar has higher amount of iron, calcium and potassium

A

brown sugar

53
Q

“Fruit Sugar”

A

fructose

54
Q

what type of sugar is fructose

A

monosaccharide

55
Q

The liver absorbs this sugar and turns it into Triglycerides

A

fructose

56
Q

this is produced from the refinement of corn

A

high fructose corn syrup

57
Q

these sugars provide less calories per gram and cause a minimal change (or no change) to BG levels

A

Polyols (sugar alcohols)

58
Q

high ingestion of this type of sugar is linked to higher risk of CV events

A

sugar alcohol (Polyols)

59
Q

what specific sugar is linked to higher risk of thrombosis

A

erythrito

60
Q

what specific sugars are coordinated with the warnings of laxative effects

A

sorbitol and mannitol

61
Q

higher intensity sweetener than sucrose

A

non-nutritive sweeteners

62
Q

Displacement of calories/sugar may cause a person to still love sugary foods and encourage their preference for sweet foods.

May kill gut flora
Patients might make up the calories anyways.

A

non nutritive sweeteners

63
Q
A

Nutrition Sum 2023 (10 decks)

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